Silage and Microbial Performance, Old Story but New Problems

Abstract

It is generally recognized that inoculants (lactic acid bacteria: LAB) can be used as silage additives to improve the fermentation quality and to enhance animal performance. Especially in Japan, silagemaking is a major technique to produce stored feeds and the amount of silage produced in recent years has accounted for about 70% of the amount of roughages produced in farms. Nevertheless in the Japanese environment, commercial inoculants are not always suitable for silage-making. In the present paper, at first, basic aspects of silage-making will be described in Sections 1, 2 and 3, and the problems associated with silage-making for cattle in Japan will be indicated in Sections 4 and 5. For the screening of LAB strains to develop inoculants suitable for silage-making in Japan, the construction of a model system for silage fermentation involving a solid mixed culture consisting of LAB, clostridia and coliform bacteria, referred to as "pouch method", will be presented in Section 6, and the results of screening of LAB by using the pouch method in Japan and in Thailand will be introduced in Section 7. In Section 8, attempts to improve LAB strains isolated through screening by the cell fusion method and electroporation method will be discussed. Finally, aerobic spoilage of silage which is another major problem will be outlined in Section 9. Discipline: Animal industry

THE EFFECT OF MOLASSES, Lactobacillus plantarum, Trichoderma viride, AND ITS MIXTURES ADDITION ON THE QUALITY OF TOTAL MIXED FORAGE SILAGE

“…Bakteri asam laktat mampu menghasilkan bakteriosin yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri perusak dan bakteri pathogen. Bakteri asam laktat dapat diaplikasikan sebagai inokulan silase yang bermanfaat (Ohmomo et al, 2002). Utomo (2015) menyatakan bahwa inokulasi ditujukan untuk menjamin jumlah BAL homofermentatif dominan sehingga dapat menghasilkan jumlah asam laktat yang tinggi untuk menghasilkan kualitas silase yang baik.…”

Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Gaplek dan Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Cairan Rumen Sapi PO Terhadap Kualitas Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)

“…Produktivitas ternak merupakan fungsi dari ketersediaan pakan dan kualitasnya (Leng,1991). Pembuatan silase merupakan salah satu cara yang sangat bermanfaat untuk tetap menggunakan bahan tanaman dengan kualitas nutrisi yang tinggi sebagai pakan ternak disepanjang waktu, tidak hanya untuk Corresponding author : ismail_jasin@ymail.com waktu musim kemarau (Ohmono et al, 2002). Ketersediaan pakan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya suhu harian, iklim, dan ketersediaan air tanah.…”

Effect of a Commercial Inoculant on the Fermentation Quality of ABP Silage in Thailand

“…The number of microorganisms on forage crops and grasses is variable and generally enumerated at the level of 10 2 -10 5 cfu/g 1 . Furthermore, the addition of commercial inoculant at the level of 10 5 cfu/g is recommended for preparing good quality silage 3 . Therefore, the inoculum size of each microorganism was decided to be 10 5 or 10 2 cfu/g.…”

“…On the other hand, LAB strains as silage additives (inoculants) have already been commercialized in cold and temperate zones and are a big market 3 . It has not been tested whether those inoculants are suitable or not for making good quality silage in Thailand.…”