Silane surface modified ceramic membranes for the treatment and recycling of SAGD produced water

Atallah, Charbel; Tremblay, André Y.; Mortazavi, Saviz

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.07.007

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…PEO-based modifications have previously been applied to achieve electrostatic repulsion of proteins in aqueous media and for solvent resistant nanofiltration . In our previous work, we demonstrated the use of a PEO-functionalized organosilane as a surface modifying agent for flat ceramic membrane disks in the treatment of SAGD-produced water . The membrane modification was successful in mitigating bitumen fouling, as evidenced by higher permeate fluxes relative to the unmodified membrane disks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Surface-Modified Multi-lumen Tubular Membranes for SAGD-Produced Water Treatment

et al. 2019

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The extraction of bitumen from oil sands using steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) produces a considerable amount of oily process water that must be recycled. Ceramic membranes are well suited for this task, but membrane fouling remains a significant barrier to their widespread application. Bituminous clays in produced water are heavily charged and interact with the charged surfaces of ceramic membranes in a way that reduces membrane performance. To address this problem, the surfaces of commercially available multi-lumen tubular ceramic membranes were chemically modified using several charge-neutral polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based organosilanes. Membranes with a pore size of 10 nm and selective layers of either γ-Al 2 O 3 or TiO 2 were modified based on protocols previously used on small-scale ceramic membrane disks and challenged with SAGD-produced water. Results indicate that the modification leads to an improvement in membrane performance. Modification of γ-Al 2 O 3 membranes by a 30% solution of straight-chain PEO-silane increased permeate flux by factors as high as 2.9. Modification of TiO 2 membranes also improved permeate flux. Flux recovery factors upon backflushing increased from 1.3 to 1.6. Furthermore, flux values for γ-Al 2 O 3 membranes ranged between 50 and 150 Lmh and increased over time, while flux values for TiO 2 membranes ranged between 220 and 350 Lmh and declined slightly over time. This indicates that γ-Al 2 O 3 is a stronger adsorbent for bituminous foulants than TiO 2 , with foulants being adsorbed quickly and subsequently released during filtration and backflushing. Finally, the decline in performance when switching to a SAGD feed, with a higher pH, total organic carbon and alkalinity, was significantly less severe for modified TiO 2 membranes compared to unmodified counterparts. Based on these results, surface modification of tubular ceramic membranes with PEO-based silanes was successful in improving the rejection of bituminous foulants from the membrane surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Surface-Modified Multi-lumen Tubular Membranes for SAGD-Produced Water Treatment

et al. 2019

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“…The surface charge of ceramic membranes is highly dependent on the pH and IEP of the ceramic materials [134]. If the pH is above the IEP of the ceramic materials, the membrane surface charge will be negative, while the membrane surface is positively charged when the pH is below the IEP [135]. Consequently, for an anionic surfactant stabilized oil emulsion, repulsive and attractive forces exist between the oil droplets and membrane surface when pH is respectively above and below IEP (schematically shown in Figure 1).…”

Section: Surface Charged Ceramic Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Ceramic Membranes for Oily Wastewater Treatment: Modification and Application

2021

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Membrane filtration is considered to be one of the most promising methods for oily wastewater treatment. Because of their hydrophilic surface, ceramic membranes show less fouling compared with their polymeric counterparts. Membrane fouling, however, is an inevitable phenomenon in the filtration process, leading to higher energy consumption and a shorter lifetime of the membrane. It is therefore important to improve the fouling resistance of the ceramic membranes in oily wastewater treatment. In this review, we first focus on the various methods used for ceramic membrane modification, aiming for application in oily wastewater. Then, the performance of the modified ceramic membranes is discussed and compared. We found that, besides the traditional sol-gel and dip-coating methods, atomic layer deposition is promising for ceramic membrane modification in terms of the control of layer thickness, and pore size tuning. Enhanced surface hydrophilicity and surface charge are two of the most used strategies to improve the performance of ceramic membranes for oily wastewater treatment. Nano-sized metal oxides such as TiO2, ZrO2 and Fe2O3 and graphene oxide are considered to be the potential candidates for ceramic membrane modification for flux enhancement and fouling alleviation. The passive antifouling ceramic membranes, e.g., photocatalytic and electrified ceramic membranes, have shown some potential in fouling control, oil rejection and flux enhancement, but have their limitations.

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“…Polymeric membranes can be classified in the organic membranes group, while ceramic, metal oxides, and metallic membranes are inorganic membranes. Previous studies have shown some interest in utilizing the ceramic membranes in the PW treatment without pre-treatment process [26,27], since the ceramic membranes have great advantages in their mechanical, chemical and thermal characteristics. Furthermore, ceramic membranes also have the advantages in harsh environment, such as backwashing, autoclaving and multiple cleaning process due to their high chemical and thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Optimization, and Performance of a TiO2 Coated Bentonite Membrane for Produced Water Treatment: Effect of Grafting Time

2021

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The main problem usually faced by commercial ceramic membranes in the treatment of produced water (PW) is low water flux even though ceramic membrane was well-known with their excellent mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties. In the process of minimizing the problem faced by commercial ceramic membranes, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposites, which synthesized via a sol-gel method, were deposited on the active layer of the hydrolysed bentonite membrane. This paper studied the influence of grafting time of TiO2 nanocomposite on the properties and performance of the coated bentonite membranes. Several characterizations, which are Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), contact angle, porosity, and average pore size, were applied to both pristine and coated bentonite membranes to compare the properties of the membranes. The deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of the coated bentonite membranes was successfully confirmed by the characterization results. The pure water flux performance showed an increment from 262.29 L h−1 m−² bar−1 (pristine bentonite membrane) to 337.05 L h−1 m−² bar−1 (Ti-Ben 30) and 438.33 L h−1 m−² bar−1 (Ti-Ben 60) as the grafting time increase but when the grafting time reached 90 min (Ti-Ben 90), the pure water flux was decreased to 214.22 L h−1 m−² bar−1 which is lower than the pristine membrane. The oil rejection performance also revealed an increase in the oil rejection performance from 95 to 99%. These findings can be a good example to further studies and exploit the advantages of modified ceramic membranes in PW treatment.

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Silane surface modified ceramic membranes for the treatment and recycling of SAGD produced water

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Surface-Modified Multi-lumen Tubular Membranes for SAGD-Produced Water Treatment

Surface-Modified Multi-lumen Tubular Membranes for SAGD-Produced Water Treatment

State-of-the-Art Ceramic Membranes for Oily Wastewater Treatment: Modification and Application

Fabrication, Optimization, and Performance of a TiO2 Coated Bentonite Membrane for Produced Water Treatment: Effect of Grafting Time

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