Silent transitions: Commercialization and changing customary land tenure systems in upland Laos

Land Tenure of Forest Fringe Communities and Their Impact on Deforestation: A Case Study in Soeharto Forest Park

“…According to Article 3 of the Basic Agrarian Law, the rights of indigenous peoples, as long as they exist, are still recognized, as long as they do not conflict with laws and regulations. So even though the land seal is still recognized, to provide legal protection and certainty by the Basic Agrarian Law, it can be said that certificates are essential, for the community must seriously pay attention to proof or letters of ownership of their respective lands (Sediono, 1984;Suhardiman et al, 2023).…”

“…The testator may or may not be in a will. Who is entitled to the inheritance, and how much the share depends on the Law of Inheritance that applies to the person concerned (Suhardiman et al, 2023). This happens a lot in several forest areas in Indonesia, because there are still many indigenous people who live on the edge of the forest.…”

“…This also happens a lot in other Forest Parks, such as Nipa-Nipa Forest Park where the initial program was in the form of Forest Reforestation which then in practice eliminated the existence of local communities. This is also due to the dualism of control that is de jure owned by the state, but de facto controlled by the local community (Suhardiman et al, 2023). From the case study above, it can be seen that the Forest Park has different sociohistorical conditions and governance arrangements in each region and span of periods of political regimes.…”

Socio-economic impacts of commercialisation of agriculture in the Kingdom of Eswatini: A case of Siphofaneni

“…Transforming subsistence-oriented food systems to market-driven systems continues to form the major part of policy agendas in most developing countries [ 5 , 6 ]. It is regarded as a key policy instrument aimed at improving rural livelihoods and promoting rural development [ 7 , 8 ]. Thus, many countries and development agencies in the global South have considered integrating rural farmers into the market by prioritizing agricultural commercialisation (and intensification of farming) through policy and rural development programmes in order to flatten the rural poverty curve [ 9 , 10 ].…”