Silicon dioxide nanoparticles orchestrate carbon and nitrogen metabolism in pea seedlings to cope with broomrape infection

Shabbaj, Ibrahim I.; Madany, Mahmoud M. Y.; Tammar, Abdurazag; Balkhyour, Mansour A.; AbdElgawad, Hamada

doi:10.1039/d0en01278e

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For instance, a reduction in starch level and an elevation of sucrose metabolizing enzymes was observed. It is well known that soluble sugars such as glucose and sucrose are the most pivotal structural and energetic organic compounds in higher plants ( Shabbaj et al, 2021b ). Besides being osmoregulators, sugars possess obvious ROS scavenging properties ( Van den Ende, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activities of key enzymes involved in proline metabolism, i.e., pyrroline-5- carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH), proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), ornithine amino transferase (OAT), and arginase (Arg), were extracted [Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4)] ( Shabbaj et al, 2021b ). The activities of OAT and ARG were assessed in KPO4 buffer (50 mM KPO4 buffer pH 7.0).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activities of OAT and ARG were assessed in KPO4 buffer (50 mM KPO4 buffer pH 7.0). The activities of all enzymes (P5CS, P5CDH, PRODH, OAT, GS, and ARG) were measured by monitoring the reduction of NADH at A340 ( Shabbaj et al, 2021b ), the P5C-dependent NADH oxidation at A340 ( Lutts et al, 1999 ), production γ-glutamyl hydroxamate at A535 ( Temple et al, 1996 ), the reduction of 2,6-dichloroindophenol at A600 ( Chen et al, 2004 ), the production by using the method of diacetyl monoxime described by Chen et al (2004) , and the glutamine-dependent NADH oxidation at A340 ( Robinson et al, 1991 ). By using BSA as a standard, the protein concentrations were measured as assessed by Lowry et al (1951) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 Enrichment Differentially Upregulated Sugar, Proline, and Polyamine Metabolism in Young and Old Leaves of Wheat and Sorghum to Mitigate Indium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity

et al. 2022

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Soil contamination with indium oxide nanoparticles (In2O3-NPs) is a challenge for plant growth and productivity. Despite In2O3-NPs toxicity, their effects on plant growth and metabolism are largely unknown, particularly under future climate CO2 (eCO2). Therefore, the In2O3-NPs toxicity and stress mitigating impact of eCO2 in the young and old leaves of C3 (wheat) and C4 (sorghum) plants were investigated. Overall, In2O3-NPs significantly retard the biomass and photosynthetic machinery of all tested crops, particularly the young leaves of C3 plants. Consequently, In2O3-NPs altered C and N metabolism in C3 and C4 plants. On the other hand, eCO2 contrarily alleviated the hazardous effects of In2O3-NPs on growth and photosynthesis, especially in the young leaves of C4 plants. Increased photosynthesis consequently enhanced the soluble sugars’ accumulation and metabolism (e.g., sucrose P synthase, cytosolic, and vacuolar invertase) in all stressed plants, but to a greater extent in C4 young leaves. High sugar availability also induced TCA organic and fatty acids’ accumulation. This also provided a route for amino acids and polyamines biosynthesis, where a clear increase in proline biosynthetic enzymes [e.g., pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH), and proline dehydrogenase (PRODH)] and polyamine metabolic enzymes (e.g., spermine and spermidine synthases, ornithine decarboxylase, and adenosyl methionine decarboxylase) were mainly recorded in C4 young leaves. The observed increases in these metabolites involved in osmo- and redox-regulation to reduce In2O3-NPs induced oxidative damage. Overall, our study, for the first time, shed light on how eCO2 differentially mitigated In2O3-NPs stress in old and young leaves of different species groups under the threat of In2O3-NPs contamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 Enrichment Differentially Upregulated Sugar, Proline, and Polyamine Metabolism in Young and Old Leaves of Wheat and Sorghum to Mitigate Indium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity

et al. 2022

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“…Silicon (Si) is not essential for plants, but in drought stress, it can affect the water ratio in drought-affected plants, reduce stomatal conduction associated with protective cell turgor loss, improve the ability to extract water from the soil due to the promotion of root elongation and the regulation of aquaporin genes [12]. Si NPs can reduce oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant leaf [7,[13][14][15]. In a salinity experiment with sweet peppers and different forms of Si, it was found that using SiO 2 NPs resulted in 15% higher plants, 34% higher fresh, and 36% dry biomasses and 11% higher total chlorophyll content and 30% yield compared to bulk Si [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Antioxidant System of Drought-Stressed Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Affected by Watering and Foliar Spray with Silica Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Abiotic stress caused by drought impairs plant growth and reduces yields. This study aimed to investigate the impact of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) through the adverse effects of drought on the growth, oxidative stress, and antioxidative response of pea ‘Respect’. Pea plants were grown in a greenhouse before being watered (100 ± 1 mL per pot) or foliar sprayed (ca. 14 ± 0.5 mL plant−1) with suspensions containing SiO2 NPs (0, 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, and 50 ppm) and were exposed to drought stress for 10 days. Drought stress was created by maintaining 30% of the soil moisture while the control was 80%. The growth parameters of pea grown under drought stress conditions were improved by spraying or watering plants with SiO2 NPs (12.5, 25, and 50 ppm). At drought stress, peas treated with SiO2 NPs (50 ppm) increased their relative water content by 29%, specific leaf area by 17%, and decreased root/shoot ratio by 4% as compared to plant non-treated with SiO2 NPs. In addition, spraying or watering of SiO2 NPs increased peas tolerance to drought by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes at least three times including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in plant tissue. It was observed the increase in total phenolic compounds and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) in peas treated with SiO2 NPs under drought stress. The physiological response of peas to drought and the effects of SiO2 NPs studied in this experiment based on the use of the concentration of 50 ppm nanoparticles can protect peas from the damaging effects of drought and could help reduce global food shortages.

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“…Similarly, Saleh et al [ 17 ] found that eCO 2 treatment enhanced the accumulation of phenolics, flavonoids, and tocopherols in wheat grown under NiO-NPs. Additionally, the role of CO 2 in regulating the C and N metabolism cannot be overlooked [ 62 ]. This could explain the accumulation of phenolics, tocopherols, and flavonoids in plants grown in a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere, where C and N intermediates and metabolic energy required for their biosynthesis are available [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated CO2 Differentially Mitigated Oxidative Stress Induced by Indium Oxide Nanoparticles in Young and Old Leaves of C3 and C4 Crops

et al. 2022

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Soil contamination with indium (In) oxide nanoparticles (In2O3-NPs) threatens plant growth and development. However, their toxicity in plants under ambient (aCO2) and elevated (eCO2) conditions is scarcely studied. To this end, this study was conducted to investigate In2O3-NPs toxicity in the young and old leaves of C3 (barley) and C4 (maize) plants and to understand the mechanisms underlying the stress mitigating impact of eCO2. Treatment of C3 and C4 plants with In2O3-NPs significantly reduced growth and photosynthesis, induced oxidative damage (H2O2, lipid peroxidation), and impaired P and Fe homeostasis, particularly in the young leaves of C4 plants. On the other hand, this phytotoxic hazard was mitigated by eCO2 which improved both C3 and C4 growth, decreased In accumulation and increased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) uptake, particularly in the young leaves of C4 plants. Moreover, the improved photosynthesis by eCO2 accordingly enhanced carbon availability under the challenge of In2O3-NPs that were directed to the elevated production of metabolites involved in antioxidant and detoxification systems. Our physiological and biochemical analyses implicated the role of the antioxidant defenses, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) in stress mitigation under eCO2. This was validated by studying the effect of In2O3-stress on a transgenic maize line (TG) constitutively overexpressing the AtFeSOD gene and its wild type (WT). Although it did not alter In accumulation, the TG plants showed improved growth and photosynthesis and reduced oxidative damage. Overall, this work demonstrated that C3 was more sensitive to In2O3-NPs stress; however, C4 plants were more responsive to eCO2. Moreover, it demonstrated the role of SOD in determining the hazardous effect of In2O3-NPs.

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Silicon dioxide nanoparticles orchestrate carbon and nitrogen metabolism in pea seedlings to cope with broomrape infection

Abstract: Phelipanche aegyptiaca is one of the most devastating agricultural weed pests as it poses a serious threat to crop production. Although few studies addressed the potentiality of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs)...

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

CO2 Enrichment Differentially Upregulated Sugar, Proline, and Polyamine Metabolism in Young and Old Leaves of Wheat and Sorghum to Mitigate Indium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity

CO2 Enrichment Differentially Upregulated Sugar, Proline, and Polyamine Metabolism in Young and Old Leaves of Wheat and Sorghum to Mitigate Indium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity

The Response of Antioxidant System of Drought-Stressed Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Affected by Watering and Foliar Spray with Silica Nanoparticles

Elevated CO2 Differentially Mitigated Oxidative Stress Induced by Indium Oxide Nanoparticles in Young and Old Leaves of C3 and C4 Crops

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