Silicon (Si): Review and future prospects on the action mechanisms in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants

Etesami, Hassan; Jeong, Byoung Ryong

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.063

Cited by 438 publications

(224 citation statements)

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“…When saline stress occurs, there is a decrease in the relative water content in the leaf, indicating that the plants are exposed to osmotic stress [8]. Studies have shown that Si increases the relative water content in plants under conditions of salt stress [9], decreasing the toxicity of the salts to the plant and improving its growth, increasing the thickness of the leaves, due to deposition of Si, which reduces transpiration and decreases water loss [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization with Silicon in Sweet Pepper Improved Plants Grown under Salt Stress

Dias

Marques

Bianchini

2019

JEAI

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Aims:The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of calcium silicate on gaseous exchanges and production factors in the sweet pepper, cultivated under conditions of soil salinity induced by potassium fertilization, in protected cultivation. Study Design: The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme with five replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the sector of Olericultura and Experimentation of the course of Agronomy from October 12, 2018 to February 2019. Methodology: The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two sources of correction: calcareous and silicon and five increasing rates of KCl equivalent to 150, 300, 450, 600 and 700 kg ha -1 of K 2 O). Ten treatments with five replicates where each experimental unit consisted of a polyethylene pot, with a volume of 19 dm 3 . The electrical conductivity, the determination and quantification of silicon in soil and plant, liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were analyzed. Dias et al.; JEAI, 40(2): 1-12, 2019; Article no.JEAI.50539 2 Results: With the increase of K 2 O in the soil there was a tendency of reduction in liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in the presence and absence of calcium silicate. Higher rates of K 2 O (300, 450 and 600 kg ha -1 ) reduced the length and yield of sweet pepper fruits in the presence and absence of calcium silicate. The rate of 150 Kg K 2 O favored the growth of sweet pepper plants in the presence of calcium silicate. Conclusion: It is concluded from the research that the dose of 300 kg ha -1 of K 2 O, in the presence of calcium silicate, provided the best results for the electrical conductivity of 2.76 dS m -1 , silicon content in the soil of 5.70 mg kg -1 , 14% silicon leaf content, improving photosynthetic rates, transpiration, water use efficiency and fruit production. The increase in salinity reduced fruit yield, in the presence and absence of Si. Original Research Article

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization with Silicon in Sweet Pepper Improved Plants Grown under Salt Stress

Dias

Marques

Bianchini

2019

JEAI

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“…The improvements of leaf gas exchange, from the use of the Si element, were not noticed in the present study. According to the literature, the silicic acid transport in the plants by xylem vessels is generally favored by leaf transpiration (Etesami and Jeong, 2018). The Si transported from the roots uptake sites to the sprout formation allow the leaves to remain semi-upright, which reduces the transpiratory area of the leaves (Tamai and Ma, 2008;Adrees et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is silicon capable to affect the photosynthetic performance of green maize plants?

Santos¹,

Souza²,

Cruz³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Green maize (Zea mays L.) is a cultivated species of significant importance in the agricultural scene. The literature reports that Si has been used as an alternative option for sustainable agricultural systems. We examined the hypothesis that this beneficial element will improve the photosynthetic performance and biological productivity of crop plants, under field conditions, without nutritional stress. In this context, leaf gas exchanges, physiological indexes, and growth parameters were investigated in green maize, AG4051 and CATIVERDE 02, under Si availabilities at the initial stage of vegetative development. The treatments were: Via shoot; 0, 130, 260, 390 and 520 g ha -1 ; and via roots; 0, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 kg ha -1 . The experimental design was randomized blocks (RB) with 5 blocks (experimental plots). The beneficial mineral element Si did not have an improvement on gas exchanges of green maize plants and, consequently, plant development. In conclusion, we reject our initial hypothesis and we accepted the alternative hypothesis, that the beneficial element Si did not optimize the photosynthetic performance and biological productivity of green maize plants, without nutritional stress.

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“…(Egilla et al, [84]) reported that an adequate supply of K is essential for enhancing drought tolerance by increasing root elongation. For silicon, it was reported that silicon plays a role in reducing the hazard effects of drought stress [38,39].…”

Section: Vegetative Growth Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silicon (Si) is an environmental friendly and ecologically compatible agent for stimulating plant growth. It was reported that silicon plays a role in reducing the hazard effects of several biotic and a biotic stresses such as drought stress [38,39]. It has emerged as an important mineral for many horticultural crops [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationalization of Water Consumption for Taro Plant through the Rationing of Irrigation and Expand the Plant Ability to Resist Stress Conditions

El-Aal

El-Anany

Rizk

2019

IJPSS

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A field experiments were conducted at Horticulture Research Station, El-Kanater El-Khiria, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Egypt during 2016 and 2017 seasons to investigate the effect of different irrigation water levels i.e.,100, 75 and 50% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and foliar application with some stimulant substances i.e., proline at 150 mgl -1 , potassium silicate at 2500 mgl -1 and putrescine at 10 mgl -1 as well as mulching treatments i.e., black polyethylene plastic, rice straw and sawdust mulches individually or in combination of treatments on vegetative growth characteristics, some bioconstituents, total yield and its components of taro plant under drip irrigation system and results interpreted. The results showed that that increasing water stress level from 75% to 50% of Etc decreased gradually all studied growth characteristics of taro plant (plant height, leaves number plant -1 , lamina dry weight plant -1 and leaf area (cm 2 ) plant -1 in the two seasons. In addition, increasing irrigation water stress resulted in decreasing of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) content in taro Original Research ArticleAbd El-Aal et al.; IJPSS, 29(4): 1-23, 2019; Article no.IJPSS.50956 2 leaves. Moreover, the increase in water shortage is regularly increased the proline content and antioxidant enzymes activity i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in taro leaves compared to the full irrigation level (100% of ETc). Furthermore, different estimated yield characteristics of taro plant i.e., main corm length (cm), main corm diameter (cm), corms number plant -1 , corms fresh weight (kg) plant -1 , main corm fresh weight (g), corms fresh weight (kg) plot -1 , corms fresh yield (ton) fed. -1 and corm dry matter % as well as taro corm bioconstituents of N, P, K, crude protein and starch contents decreased by reducing irrigation water levels. In this respect, water stress level at 50% of ETc recorded the highest reductions in different estimated characteristics compared to 75% of ETc level and unstressed plant (100% of ETc). Regarding, the effect of foliar application with stimulant substances and mulching treatments, proline at 150 mgl -1 followed by potassium silicate at 2500 mgl -1 and putrescine at 10 mgl -1 as well as black polyethylene plastic mulch were the most effective treatments, respectively. As for the effect of interaction, the results showed that all the interactions between irrigation water levels and foliar spray with the stimulant materials as well as mulching treatments increased different estimated traits of taro plant i.e., vegetative growth characteristics, bioconstituents, yield and its components as well as water use efficiency compared to the control. In this respect, foliar spray with proline at 150 mgl -1 was the most superior treatment followed by putrescine at 10 mgl -1 and potassium silicate at 2500 mgl -1 under water stress levels i.e., 75 and 50% of ETc when compared with the untreated plants dur...

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Silicon (Si): Review and future prospects on the action mechanisms in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants

Cited by 438 publications

References 224 publications

Fertilization with Silicon in Sweet Pepper Improved Plants Grown under Salt Stress

Fertilization with Silicon in Sweet Pepper Improved Plants Grown under Salt Stress

Is silicon capable to affect the photosynthetic performance of green maize plants?

Rationalization of Water Consumption for Taro Plant through the Rationing of Irrigation and Expand the Plant Ability to Resist Stress Conditions

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