Silver Applied Ceramic Filters as Point-of-Use Water Treatment Device

Edokpayi, Joshua N.; Mannzhi, Mukhethwa P.; Sadiki, M.; Tshidumo, Nduvho Milliscent

doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2544-5_22

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Despite the reported success, it is clear that sustainable access to clean and safe drinking water remains a wish for many especially those that live in the rural areas of developing countries. This is partly due to the absence of water infrastructure and erratic potable water supply 2 , 3 . To this end, most of the people often resort to alternative sources of drinking water with groundwater being the most prefeered option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality, geochemistry and human health risk of groundwater in the Vyeboom region, Limpopo province, South Africa

Mutileni,

Mudau,

Edokpayi

2023

Sci Rep

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This study focuses on the evaluation of trace metals as well as microbial contamination of groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected from 17 boreholes. The microbial quality was tested using membrane filtration method. Higher levels of contamination for both E. coli and total coliform was recorded in the wet season. Majority of the boreholes had nitrate levels above the regulatory guideline value of the World health Organisation and the South African National Standards. The water type was established by Piper plot which showed the predominance of a magnesium bicarbonate water type, with alkaline earth metals dominating the alkali metals, as well as the weaker acids (bicarbonates) dominating the stronger ones (Sulphates and chlorides). Most of the trace metals detected were in compliance with the regulatory standard except for aluminium (0.41–0.88 mg/L). The hazard quotient and Hazard indice exceeded 1 mostly for children in both season which implies a possible non-carcinogenic health risk is associated with the continuous consumption of the water resource. The estimations of carcinogenic risk (CRing) for Cr and Pb exceeded the carcinogenic indices of 10−6 and 10−4 which could pose adverse effects on human health for both children and adults. Therefore, it is recommended that measures should be implemented to reduce the risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality, geochemistry and human health risk of groundwater in the Vyeboom region, Limpopo province, South Africa

Mutileni,

Mudau,

Edokpayi

2023

Sci Rep

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“…A few studies used sawdust in the place of sawdust as a burnout material but the result was marred by poor hydraulics because the process was not properly controlled to optimize porosity [15]. Researchers have also found that further refinements to the technology can be achieved by the use of additive biocides such as Silver Nitrate and Lanthanum (III) [16,17].…”

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Investigation of the feasibility of alternative burnout material (maize cob) versus the traditional material (sawdust) for point-of-use ceramic water filter production

Nnaji,

Adibe

2024

Nig. J. Tech.

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Ceramic water filters, are a promising household water treatment technology. Filters were produced using clay as the base material and two locally available burnout materials (sawdust and maize cob). The clay which was classified as an Inorganic clay of low to medium plasticity has a liquid limit of 41.1% and plasticity index of 37.4%. The sizes of the combustible materials are 5,10, 22 microns mixed in proportions of 1:1 and 1:2 by proportions of clay and burnout materials respectively, moulded and fired to a temperature of 1000℃. In the end, ten filters were produced from various particles sizes and proportions of the sawdust and maize cob. The bulk density of the filters ranged from 1.67 to 3.5 g/cm3 with a typical value of 2.63±0.57 g/cm3 . Apparent porosity ranged from 94.94 to 99.87% with a typical value of 99.10±1.13%; while water absorption varied from 28.6 to 59.71 % with a mean of 40.02±9.49 %. Flow rate ranged from very slow rate of 0.051 to 0.92 L/h with a typical value of 0.354±0.226 L/h. Based on type of burnout material, filters made with sawdust had higher flow rates (0.433 L/hr) than those made from maize cob (0.291 L/hr). The percent turbidity removal ranged from 9.1% - 43.7% on the first week to 30.6 – 70.4% on the fifth week of the test for filters made from maize cob; whereas the percent turbidity removal ranged from 5.7 – 35.3% on the first week to 44.9 – 75.6% on the fifth day for sawdust. Filters made from sawdust performed significantly better than those made from maize cob (p = 0.044) at 95% confidence level. In terms of particle size, there was an increase in efficiency of Coliform removal efficiency from 99.6 to 99.8% as the particle size of burnout materials increased from 5 μm to 22 μm. Filters made with lower proportion (1:1) of burnout materials exhibited higher Coliform removal (99.76%) than those made with higher (2:1) proportion (99.63%). However, the proportion of burnout materials within the range used in this study did not significantly affect percentage Coliform removal (p = 0.247). Filters made from sawdust generally performed better than those made from maize cob.

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Silver Applied Ceramic Filters as Point-of-Use Water Treatment Device

Cited by 2 publications

References 61 publications

Water quality, geochemistry and human health risk of groundwater in the Vyeboom region, Limpopo province, South Africa

Water quality, geochemistry and human health risk of groundwater in the Vyeboom region, Limpopo province, South Africa

Investigation of the feasibility of alternative burnout material (maize cob) versus the traditional material (sawdust) for point-of-use ceramic water filter production

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