Silver nanoparticles affect on gene expression of inflammatory and neurodegenerative responses in mouse brain neural cells

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antibacterial characteristics, and currently are applied in Ag-containing products. This study found neural cells can uptake 3-5 nm AgNPs, and investigated the potential effects of AgNPs on gene expression of inflammation and neurodegenerative disorder in murine brain ALT astrocytes, microglial BV-2 cells and neuron N2a cells. After AgNPs (5, 10, 12.5 μg/ml) exposure, these neural cells had obviously increased IL-1β secretion, and induced gene expression of C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) for inflammatory response and oxidative stress neutralization. Additionally, this study found amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques for pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) deposited in neural cells after AgNPs treatment. After AgNPs exposure, the gene expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) was induced, and otherwise, neprilysin (NEP) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were reduced in neural cells as well as protein level. These results suggested AgNPs could alter gene and protein expressions of Aβ deposition potentially to induce AD progress in neural cells. It's necessary to take notice of AgNPs distribution in the environment.

Silver nanoparticles induced neurotoxicity through oxidative stress in rat cerebral astrocytes is distinct from the effects of silver ions

“…Previous studies showed that AgNPs increased the permeability of brain microvessel endothelial cells through the release of proinflammatory mediators, which was responsible for AgNPs induced BBB inflammation (Trickler et al, 2010). Recent researches on inflammatory and neurodegenerative responses revealed that AgNPs could also induce IL-1b secretion and increase the gene expression of C-X-C motif chemokine 13 in murine brain ALT astrocytes (Huang et al, 2015). Accordingly, it was confirmed that AgNPs stimulation could mediate cellular biological functions through altering inflammatory factors secretion and this effect was independent of silver ions as indicated in Table 1.…”

“…AgNPs were mainly taken up by astrocytes and they strongly affected the cell morphology. Although the timeand concentration-dependent accumulation of AgNPs in astrocytes did not compromise the cellular viability or the basal metabolism in contrast to the effect induced by the identical amounts of silver as AgNO 3 (Luther et al, 2011(Luther et al, , 2012, internalization of AgNPs in astrocytes through endocytotic uptake processes induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion for inflammatory responses (Huang et al, 2015) and the strong up-regulation of metallothioneins (Luther et al, 2012). The synthesized metallothioneins in astrocytes may store nanoparticle-derived silver ions, posing the potential protective effects in the brain (Hohnholt et al, 2013).…”

Nanosilver: new ageless and versatile biomedical therapeutic scaffold

“…329 Moreover, AgNPs had been reported to be toxic to the liver, 330 skin, 331 lung, 332 and neural cells. 333 In conclusion, the AgNPs show toxic effects to all kinds of cells by interfering with their metabolic pathways, induction of apoptosis, and producing superoxides, genotoxicity, or other cytological consequences. However, there is still not enough data available to conclude what the toxic effects of AgNPs are due to the different sizes, shapes, and features of AgNPs.…”

Effects of silver nanoparticles on neonatal testis development in mice

“…[43][44][45] In addition, AgNPs have a broad tissue distribution in vivo, the liver is the major target organ, followed by the spleen, brain, lung, liver, kidney, and testis. [46][47][48][49][50] In this study, we first aimed to investigate whether AgNPs have an impact on LCs and SCs of testis.…”