Simple and cost-effective method for microplastic quantification in estuarine sediment: A case study of the Santos and São Vicente Estuarine System

Techniques Used for Analyzing Microplastics, Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Community Composition: A Mini-Review

“…The purification process commonly involves treatment with, for example, ethanol ( Zettler et al, 2013 ; Dussud et al, 2018 ), purified sea water ( Dussud et al, 2018 ), or strong acidic and/or alkaline solutions ( Cole et al, 2014 ; Imhof et al, 2016 ). Stereomicroscopes are used for the general estimate of MPs in environmental samples but also to characterize their surface, size, and shape ( Gimiliani et al, 2020 ; Zhang Y. et al, 2020 ). Roughness and hydrophobicity of MPs is evaluated by tensiometry, measuring the contact angle of water drops ( Dussud et al, 2018 ; Hossain et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Abbreviations for technologies in alphabetical order: AAS, Atomic absorption spectroscopy; AFM, Atomic Force Microscopy; AFM-IR/Raman, Atomic force microscopy infrared/Raman; CLSM, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy; DeepARG, Deep learning model for antibiotic resistance genes; EM, Electron microscopy; FCM, Flow cytometry; PFGE, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; FM, Fluorescence microscopy; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared microscopy; GC-MS, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; GREACE, Genome Replication Engineering Assisted Continuous Evolution; HPLC, High-performance liquid chromatography; HT-qPCR, High-throughput qPCR; ICP-MS, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; LM, Light microscopy; MALDI-MSI/FISH, Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization–Mass spectrometry imaging/Fluorescence in situ hybridization; microSPLIT, Microbial Split-Pool Ligation Transcriptomics; Py-GCToF, Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry; RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SEM, Scanning Electron Microscopy; UPLC, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography; UV-VIS, Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry; XRD, X-ray diffraction; WGS, Whole genome sequencing; 1D/2D-LC-MS/MS, One dimensional/Two dimensional online separation-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; 2D-PAGE, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. References in numerical order: (1) = ( Zhang Y. et al, 2020 ), (2) = ( Imhof et al, 2016 ), (3) = ( Fu et al, 2020 ), (4) = ( Sullivan et al, 2020 ), (5) = ( Gimiliani et al, 2020 ), (6) = ( Kaile et al, 2020 ), (7) = ( Dussud et al, 2018 ), (8) = ( Hossain et al, 2019 , (9) = ( Li et al, 2018 ), (10) = ( Munier and Bendell, 2018 ), (11) = ( Bolívar-Subirats et al, 2021 ), (12) = ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), (13) = ( Yu et al, 2020b ), (14) = ( Pousti et al, 2019 ), (15) = ( Secchi et al, 2020 ), (16) = ( Leng et al, 2019 ), (17) = ( Meier et al, 2020 ), (18) = ( Pathak et al, 2020 ), (19) = ( Zhao Y. et al, 2019 ), (20) = ( Li X. et al, 2019 ), (21) = ( Qin et al, 2019 ), (22) = ( Cuadrat et al, 2020 ), (23) = ( Kuchina et al, 2020 ), (24) = ( Scheler et al, 2020 ), (25) = ( Bar et al, 2007 ), (26) = ( Hinzke et al, 2019 ), (27) = ( Li W. et al, 2019 ), (28) = ( Geier et al, 2020 ).…”

Caracterização de microplásticos em amostras marinhas e estuarinas

“…Uma vez identificado o tipo polimérico, é possível identificar sua provável fonte de descarte (GIMILIANI et al, 2020).…”

“…Por se tratar de um sedimento de mangue, cuja presença de matéria orgânica e excesso de detritos são característicos, foi estabelecida uma metodologia sem qualquer uso de reagentes químicos e relativamente mais rápida (GIMILIANI et al, 2020) do que os protocolos internacionais de estudos com microplásticos em sedimentos (FRIAS et al, 2019;NOAA, 2015).…”

“…Os coeficientes de determinação (R²) variaram de 0,299 a 0,896 entre os pontos amostrados e explicam cerca de 30 a 80% a abundância de microplásticos conforme os tamanhos da malha.Com base nessa distribuição, é possível inferir que os microplásticos estão presentes nas frações mais finas do sedimento do SESS. Considerando que o diâmetro médio dos grãos na maioria das amostras analisadas neste estudo foi < 63 µm e podem ser facilmente ressuspendidos para a coluna d'água, com o risco de exposição dos organismos bentônicos e epibentônicos aos microplásticos(GIMILIANI et al, 2020). Alguns autores(HADDOUT et al, 2021; NOR e OBBARD, 2014), entretanto, reportaram maiores quantidades de microplásticos nas frações Malha…”