Simple green synthesis of solid polymeric bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) and its flame retardancy in epoxy resins

Zhao, Wei; Liu, Jiping; Zhang, Yi; Ban, Daming

doi:10.1039/c5ra06762f

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The absorption peak around 1208 cm −1 was attributed to the CO stretching band. Other absorptions were characteristic of the CH stretching band of the benzene rings (3026 cm −1 ) and the CC stretching band in the benzene ring (1599 and 1509 cm −1 ) . The characterization results of FTIR spectroscopy and NMR confirmed that ADDPP‐OH was synthesized successfully.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Synthesis of a novel azaphosphorine flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins

Liu

Huang

Zhu

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel PCN bond containing azaphosphorine, 5‐(4‐hydroxy)anilinomethyl‐1,3‐di(4‐hydroxy)phenyl‐1,3,5‐diazaphosphorinane (ADDPP‐OH), which could be used as both a cocuring agent and a flame‐retarding agent for epoxy resins (EPs), was synthesized from tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate and characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 31P‐NMR, and so on. Compared with the pure EP, the ADDPP‐OH–EP composites showed increased decomposition temperatures and char yields. When the content of ADDPP‐OH was 10 wt %, the cured EP composite possessed a limiting oxygen index value of 33.7% and passed the V‐0 rating of the UL‐94 test. The mechanical properties of the ADDPP‐OH–EP composites was improved because of the increased crosslinking density. In addition, the morphology of the residual char indicated an intumescent and multiporous structure in the inner space and a compact and continual appearance in the outer layer; this was important in preventing the materials from burning further. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45721.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Other absorptions were characteristic of the CAH stretching band of the benzene rings (3026 cm 21 ) . 25,26 The characterization results of FTIR spectroscopy and NMR confirmed that ADDPP-OH was synthesized successfully.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Synthesis of a novel azaphosphorine flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins

Liu

Huang

Zhu

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…EP normally releases massive heat and smoke during combustion, which greatly limits its further applications. Therefore, the study on flame retarded EP has become a hot field in recent years . Among the flame retardant EP system, halogen‐containing flame retardant has the highest efficiency, but results in environmental issues during combustion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of bio‐based poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microspheres acting as both flame retardant and reinforcing agent to epoxy resin

Yang

Dong

Hou

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A highly cross‐linked poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microsphere (PRV) was synthesized by using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and bio‐based resveratrol (REV) as raw materials, and the obtained PRV microspheres were applied to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy resin (EP). The TGA results showed that the PRV microsphere is an excellent charring agent and the char yield is as high as 62% at 800°C. The incorporation of PRV makes the initial degradation earlier yet significantly increases the char residue of EP composites. Moreover, the introduction of PRV microspheres into EP greatly promoted the flame retardancy performance. Under 3% of addition of PRV microspheres, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were decreased by 58.3% and 29.6%, respectively, the limited oxygen index (LOI) value was increased to 29.7% from 25.3% of pure EP. In addition, because of the uniform distribution in EP matrix and the enhancing effect of PRV microspheres, the mechanical properties including tensile modulus of EP composites were strengthened. PRV microspheres in this paper provide a possibility to synthesize a dual functional filler, which acts as both flame retardant and strengthening agent.

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“…and Denchev et al 2009, Perret, Schartel et al et al 2011, Zang, Wagner et al et al 2011, Liang, Cao et al et al 2013, Ménard, Negrell et al et al 2015, Xu, Zhao et al et al 2015, Zhao, Liu et al et al 2015 DOPO-based curatives, as shown in Scheme 1-26, were reported to cure o-cresol formaldehyde novolac epoxy and DGEBA. (Cho, Fu et al et al 1998, Wang and Lin et al 1999, Nakamura, Asano et al et al 2003) DGEBA cured with the DOPO-based amide compound shown in Scheme 1-26 had a 32% char residue at 700 o C under N 2 and the LOI value was 30 % (Wang and Lin et al 1999).…”

Section: Os3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(PBDP, Scheme 1-22) showed a flame-retardant mechanism in both the gas and condensed phases in a DGEBA-(m-PDA) system. (Zhao, Liu et al et al 2015) A 20 wt% loading of PBDP was needed to achieve a UL 94 V-0 rating for this system. In a DEN 438-DICY/fenurone system, an 11.5 wt% PBDP loading (2 wt% P loading in epoxy) was needed to achieve a V-0 rating.…”

Section: Scheme 1-13 Structures Of Pdms and Possmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-free phosphorus-containing flameretardant epoxy composites

Zhao¹

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Epoxy resins are widely applied in transportation, aerospace, electrical and electronic (EE) industrial sectors due to their excellent properties, such as mechanical strength, chemical and heat resistance, adhesiveness and electrical insulation. Nevertheless, flammability is one paramount disadvantage of epoxy-based materials in most applications.As a result of the current concern for the environment and the human health, halogen-free phosphorous-containing flame retardants (P-FRs) are considered to be the most promising additives to enhance the fire resistance of epoxy materials for industrial applications. Within this context, the main objectives of this doctoral thesis were four.The first one was to synthesize and characterize P-FRs with varied phosphorous' (P') chemical environments in the molecular structures. The second one was that investigate the impact of P' chemical environment in P-FRs on flame retardancy of epoxy and epoxy/carbon fiber composites with P-FRs. The third one was that understand the impact of P' chemical environment on the flame-retardant mechanism of P-FRs in the gas and the condensed phases of the epoxy, respectively. Finally, the thermal stability and mechanical properties of flame-retardant epoxy and epoxy/carbon fiber composites were studied.Following these objectives, the synthesis and characterization of two series of P- Chapter 5 summarizes the flame-retardant mechanisms of the two series of P-FRs in epoxy that were assessed from both gas and condensed phases via investigating the thermal decomposition behaviors of P-FRs and epoxy with P-FRs, respectively. The thermal phenomena in epoxy with P-FRs during the combustion were investigated via recording surface and near-to-surface temperatures in the UL 94 test. Flame-retardant mechanisms were proposed for the two series P-FRs in epoxy based on the results.Finally, flame-retardant RTM 6/carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFR) were developed based on the results in the previous chapters and the overall results are presented in Chapter 6. Flame-retardant CFR were prepared by resin transfer moulding.The rheological, mechanical properties and flame retardancy of flame-retardant CFR were studied with different tests. In particular, the combustion of the CFR and of the RTM6 epoxy matrix were compared and analyzed as well as the interlaminar shear strength and in-plane shear strength of CFR with and without flame retardants. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirstly, I would like to acknowledge my supervisors, Dr.

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Simple green synthesis of solid polymeric bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) and its flame retardancy in epoxy resins

Abstract: A simple and green method for the preparation of solid polymeric bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (PBDP), aimed at improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resins (EP) is presented.

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Synthesis of a novel azaphosphorine flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins

Synthesis of a novel azaphosphorine flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins

Synthesis of bio‐based poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microspheres acting as both flame retardant and reinforcing agent to epoxy resin

Halogen-free phosphorus-containing flameretardant epoxy composites

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