“…These Atterberg limits have been used for numerous purposes, including the estimation of shear strength, deformation and critical-state soil mechanics parameter values (e.g. Skempton, 1944Skempton, , 1954Skempton, , 1957Karlsson & Viberg, 1967;Stroud, 1974;Wroth, 1979;Carrier & Beckman, 1984;Larsson et al, 1987;Nakase et al, 1988;Wood, 1990;Tripathy & Mishra, 2011;Sørensen & Okkels, 2013;Farias & Llano-Serna, 2016). The liquidity index (I L ) parameter is used in codified design approaches for deep foundations in Russia (see Vardanega et al, 2012;Vardanega & Haigh, 2014a;Kolodiy et al, 2015) and in geomorphological research to characterise soils at a more regional level (e.g.…”