Simple molecular method to distinguish the identity of Calanus species (Copepoda: Calanoida) at any developmental stage

Lindeque, Penelope K.; Harris, Roger P.; Jones, M. B.; Smerdon, Gary R.

doi:10.1007/s002270050446

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Results mtDNA and nucDNA (microsatellites) genetic variationAs per past studies (Lindeque et al 1999;Parent et al 2011), variation at mtDNA clearly discriminated C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Among all samples, we detected 486 and 198 individuals with C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis mtDNA haplotypes, respectively.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This means that routine identification of species based on threshold prosome length criteria (Unstad and Tande 1991;Hirche et al 1994) is more likely to confound hybrids with the larger C. glacialis than with C. finmarchicus. Also, the intermediate prosome length of some hybrids may partly explain the overlapping prosome length distribution previously documented on the basis of mtDNA species identification (Lindeque et al 2004;Parent et al 2011). Interestingly, a strong contribution of C. glacialis genes seems to result in hybrids having that species' phenotype, as if the contribution of C. finmarchicus was masked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…DNA was extracted using DNeasy Tissue Kit (Qiagen). MtDNA was analyzed for species-specific variation at restriction sites in the 16S gene using the restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism protocol of Lindeque et al (1999), and each individual was assigned to one species. We used the data reported in Parent et al (2011) for individuals from all stations but Sta.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of routine identification of a large number of samples (e.g., monitoring programs) or when selecting live animals for experimental purposes, copepodite stages of C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis are nearly always discriminated on the basis of prosome length (Unstad and Tande 1991;Hirche et al 1994). However, studies using molecular tools to determine the identity of these highly diverged species (Bucklin et al 1995) showed that prosome length size criteria often leads to misidentification because both species prosome length ranges overlap, at least in the North Atlantic (Lindeque et al 2004;Parent et al 2011). For example, C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis prosome length varied between 2.0-3.5 mm and 2.5-4.7 mm, respectively, for the copepodite stage V in the northwestern Atlantic (Parent et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast zone of sympatry between C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus, their potentially overlapping reproductive seasons, and the evidence for intermediate values at seemingly discriminant traits (Jaschnov 1972;Lindeque et al 2004;Parent et al 2011) raise the possibility that these species are hybridizing. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used a combination of mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (nuc) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) markers to genetically characterize individuals from the Arctic to the Atlantic along the coast of North America.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Natural hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis (Copepoda) in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

Parent

Plourde

Turgeon

2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Calanus glacialis and Calanus finmarchicus dominate the zooplankton community in the Arctic and North Atlantic, respectively. The vast zone of sympatry between these species, the potential for overlap between reproductive seasons, and the evidence for intermediate values of discriminant traits suggest that these species hybridize. We genotyped 684 individuals from 14 Arctic to Atlantic stations using one mitochondrial (16S) and 10 nuclear loci (microsatellites). Strong genetic differentiation between parental species confidently identified hybrids in areas of sympatry. Hybrid frequency was highly variable among stations and did not covary with mean annual sea surface temperature. In the St. Lawrence Estuary, parental and hybrid genotypes were nonrandomly distributed between depth layers (300-100 m and 100-0 m) and across sampling dates, and hybrids seemed more frequent in July than in May and September. Overall, the bimodal frequency distribution of parental and hybrid genotypes suggests that reproductive barriers limit gene flow between these species. The opportunity for interbreeding is more likely restricted by differences in species reproductive phenology than by dispersal. Hybridization also affects prosome length, a morphological trait widely used to discriminate Calanus species, and thus possibly contributes to species misidentification. Highly introgressed individuals indicate that hybrids are fertile and reproduce, suggesting that hybrid fitness could affect estimates and models of these species population dynamics. This is the first evidence for interspecific hybridization between marine zooplankton species, but similar cases could be uncovered using nuclear genetic markers in groups of closely related and morphologically similar marine zooplankton species.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis (Copepoda) in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

Parent

Plourde

Turgeon

2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Inter‐ and intraspecific variation in body‐ and genome size in calanoid copepods from temperate and arctic waters

Leinaas

Jalal

Gabrielsen³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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SummaryThe tendency of ectotherms to get larger in the cold (Bergmann clines) has potentially great implications for individual performance and food web dynamics. The mechanistic drivers of this trend are not well understood, however. One fundamental question is to which extent variation in body size is attributed to variation in cell size, which again is related to genome size. In this study, we analyzed body and genome size in four species of marine calanoid copepods, Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus and Paraeuchaeta norvegica, with populations from both south Norwegian fjords and the High Arctic. The Calanus species showed typical interspecific Bergmann clines, and we assessed whether they also displayed similar intraspecific variations—and if correlation between genome size and body size differed between species. There were considerable inter‐ as well as intraspecific variations in body size and genome size, with the northernmost populations having the largest values of both variables within each species. Positive intraspecific relationships suggest a functional link between body and genome size, although its adaptiveness has not been settled. Impact of additional drivers like phylogeny or specific adaptations, however, was suggested by striking divergences in body size – genome size ratios among species. Thus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, had fairly similar genome size despite very different body size, while P. norvegica, of similar body size as C. hyperboreus, had the largest genome sizes ever recorded from copepods. The inter‐ and intraspecific latitudinal body size clines suggest that climate change may have major impact on body size composition of keystone species in marine planktonic food webs.

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No evidence for hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis in a subarctic area of sympatry

Choquet¹,

Burckard

Skreslet

et al. 2020

Limnology & Oceanography

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In the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, four species of the copepod genus Calanus dominate the zooplankton biomass. Because of their morphological resemblance, knowledge of their respective distribution range has long been biased by misidentification, until the recent use of molecular tools uncovered numerous areas of sympatry. As hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis has been claimed in the East-Canadian Arctic based on microsatellites, we investigated further the potential for interbreeding in newly uncovered areas of sympatry. Calanus species and stage composition were analyzed during winter in two Norwegian subarctic fjords, using molecular markers developed specifically for species identification and hybrid detection between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis. Overall, C. glacialis were the most abundant throughout the winter, followed by C. finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus with only a few records of Calanus helgolandicus. The presence of C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus, and C. finmarchicus' nauplii was recorded, indicating that these species reproduce locally. In January and February, the simultaneous occurrence of males and females of both C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis suggested a potential for interspecies mating. However, genetic admixture tests performed on all 1126 individuals revealed no signal of hybridization, implying a strong reproductive isolation mechanism. We conclude that no evidence supports a potential for hybridization between C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis.

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Simple molecular method to distinguish the identity of Calanus species (Copepoda: Calanoida) at any developmental stage

Cited by 69 publications

References 14 publications

Natural hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis (Copepoda) in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

Natural hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis (Copepoda) in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

Inter‐ and intraspecific variation in body‐ and genome size in calanoid copepods from temperate and arctic waters

No evidence for hybridization between Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis in a subarctic area of sympatry

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