Simple pyrolysis of urea into graphitic carbon nitride with recyclable adsorption and photocatalytic activity

Liu, Jinghai; Zhang, Tie-Kai; Wang, Zhichao; Dawson, Graham; Chen, Wei

doi:10.1039/c1jm12620b

Cited by 1,520 publications

(829 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Once cooled to room temperature, the pale yellow powder was used without further treatment. The XRD pattern recorded for the powder corresponded to that reported for C3N4 [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Probing the activities of UV and visible-light absorbing photocatalyst powders using a resazurin-based photocatalyst activity indicator ink (Rz Paii )

Mills

Wells

O’Rourke

2017

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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“…Once cooled to room temperature, the pale yellow powder was used without further treatment. The XRD pattern recorded for the powder corresponded to that reported for C3N4 [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Probing the activities of UV and visible-light absorbing photocatalyst powders using a resazurin-based photocatalyst activity indicator ink (Rz Paii )

Mills

Wells

O’Rourke

2017

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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“…Cyanamide [12], dicyandiamide [13], melamine [14], urea [15], thiourea [16], guanidinium chloride [17] and guanidine thiocyanate [18] were usually used as precursors for the preparation of g-C 3 N 4 through polymerization. However, the obtained materials are usually bulk g-C 3 N 4 , which are difficult to directly use in many fields due to the poor dispersity and ordinary properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Chemiluminescence, Cataluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence

Song

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Anal. Test.

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted considerable attention due to its special structure and properties, such as its good chemical and thermal stability under ambient conditions, low cost and non-toxicity, and facile synthesis. Recently, g-C 3 N 4 -based sensors have been demonstrated to be of high interests in the areas of sensing due to the unique optical, electronic and catalytic properties of g-C 3 N 4 . This review focuses on the most salient advances in luminescent sensors based on g-C 3 N 4 , chemiluminescence, cataluminescence and electrochemiluminescence methods are discussed. This review provides valuable information for researchers of related areas and thus may inspire the development of more practical and effective approaches for designing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-assisted luminescent sensors.

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“…[30][31] A weak peak at 404.5 eV ascribing to the π-excitations is also seen. 32 The high-resolution C 1s XPS spectrum of respectively. [31][32] The graphitic carbon C-C at 284.8 eV can usually be observed in carbon nitrides.…”

Section: Characterization Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 The high-resolution C 1s XPS spectrum of respectively. [31][32] The graphitic carbon C-C at 284.8 eV can usually be observed in carbon nitrides. 16,33 The XPS survey scan of ZnO-LDH@C3N4 composite is shown in Figure 6 The XPS spectra for ZnO-LDH are illustrated in Figure 6-3.…”

Section: Characterization Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32] It's revealed that stacking products can be derived from different interlayer contents or different orientation of the same anionic species compensating for host layer charge in LDH materials. 33 Moreover, the stacking is not only influenced by the anionic species but also influenced by the M 2+ /M 3+ ratio, the metallic composition ratio in starting brucite influences the staging phenomena of LDH.…”

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Photocatalysts with adsorption property for dye-contaminated water purification

Chen¹

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Dye-polluted water discharged from textile, dyeing, carpet manufacturing, pulp, and paper industries must be properly treated before it is discharged to the environment because the dyes are hazardous to human beings, also can cause problems to the ecosystem.Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of dyes are promising methods for the treatment of dye-polluted wastewater. Zinc (Zn) aluminium (Al) layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH) materials, and layered double oxides (LDOs) that have semiconductor properties and anionic exchange properties can be used for the removal of anionic dyes. Correspondingly, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a fascinating metal-free semiconductor with synergistic adsorption property due to its polymeric π-conjugated structure, which is a promising photocatalyst in environmental remediation. Therefore, this thesis focuses on developing novel photocatalysts, which is activated under UV (ultraviolet) and/or visible light irradiation with adsorption property for dyes removal from wastewater. The studies include exploring the optimal experimental conditions for the synthesis of LDOs with the best performance in adsorption and photocatalytic degradation, modifying g-C3N4 with carbon black for tuning its adsorption selectivity and improving the photocatalytic activity, and constructing novel inorganic-organic heterogeneous semiconductor composites (ZnAl-LDH@C3N4) with desired adsorption and photodegradation performance toward both cationic and anionic dyes. The relationship between structures, physicochemical properties of photocatalysts and dye removal performances has also been well studied in the thesis.The first part of the experimental chapters focuses on the zinc aluminium layered double hydroxide based photocatalysts. ZnAl-layered double oxide composites (LDOs) were developed to remove anionic dye Orange II sodium salt (OrgII). Synthetic parameters including the molar ratio of Zn to Al, and calcination temperature were adjusted to study the optimal synthetic condition. The relationship between the structural features and the adsorption properties and photocatalytic activity of LDOs was thoroughly investigated.The second part of the experimental chapter focuses on the modification of g-C3N4. Series of carbon black (CB) modified g-C3N4 samples with efficient adsorption and photocatalytic activity were prepared by heating the mixtures of CB and urea. The adsorption and photocatalytic activities were evaluated by removing both cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye OrgII. CB modified g-C3N4 exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than pristine g-C3N4. CB worked as both dopant and reactional site during the polycondensation III of urea, which was supposed to increase the crystallisation and condensation degree of g-C3N4. The existing of CB in the g-C3N4 matrix not only enhanced the light absorption for g-C3N4 but also quenched the recombination of charge carriers. Therefore, modified g-C3N4 samples exhibited improved performance for dyes' removal.The third part o...

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Simple pyrolysis of urea into graphitic carbon nitride with recyclable adsorption and photocatalytic activity

Cited by 1,520 publications

References 37 publications

Probing the activities of UV and visible-light absorbing photocatalyst powders using a resazurin-based photocatalyst activity indicator ink (Rz Paii )

Probing the activities of UV and visible-light absorbing photocatalyst powders using a resazurin-based photocatalyst activity indicator ink (Rz Paii )

Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Chemiluminescence, Cataluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence

Photocatalysts with adsorption property for dye-contaminated water purification

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