Simple Specific Test for Urine Glucose

Free, Alfred H.; Adams, Ernest C.; Kercher, Mary Lou; Free, Helen M.; Cook, Marion H.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/3.3.163

Cited by 125 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…The following chemicals and materials were used in this study. Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate sodium salt (Na-TFPB), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies Inc. 4-Tert-butylcalix [4] arene-tetraacetic acid tetraethyl ester (calix [4] arene) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ), sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ), citric acid, potassium chloride (KCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and pH standard buffer solutions were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals Industries, Ltd. Fluorosilicone gel (FE-73) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) were purchased from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Paper sheets, both sides of which were coated with silicone rubber, were purchased from Asahi Kasei Home Products Corporation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible and flexible paper-based metal electrode for potentiometric wearable wireless biosensing

Sakata

Hagio

Saito

et al. 2020

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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A paper-based electrode is a very attractive component for a disposable, nontoxic, and flexible biosensor. In particular, wearable biosensors, which have recently been attracting interest, not only require these characteristics of paper-based electrodes but must also be able to detect various ions and biomolecules in biological fluids. In this paper, we demonstrate the detection ability of paper-based metal electrodes for wearable biosensors as part of a wireless potentiometric measurement system, focusing on the detection of pH and sodium ions. The paperbased metal electrodes were obtained by simply coating a silicone-rubber-coated paper sheet with a Au (/Cr) thin film by sputtering then modifying it with different functional membranes such as an oxide membrane (Ta 2 O 5) and a fluoropolysilicone (FPS)-based Na +-sensitive membrane, corresponding to the targeted ions. Satisfactory and stable detection sensitivities of the modified paper-based Au electrodes were obtained over several weeks even when they were bent to a radius of curvature in the range of 6.5 to 25 mm, assuming use in a flexible body patch biosensor. Moreover, the Na + concentration in a sweat sample was evaluated using the paperbased Au electrode with the FPS-based Na +-sensitive membrane in a wireless and real-time manner while the electrode was bent. Thus, owing to their complex mesh structure, flexible paper sheets should be suitable for use as potentiometric electrodes for wearable wireless biosensors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatible and flexible paper-based metal electrode for potentiometric wearable wireless biosensing

Sakata

Hagio

Saito

et al. 2020

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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“…Single-drop capillary blood samples were obtained at -15 min, 0 min, every 15 min during exercise, and immediately postexercise for the determination of blood glucose concentration using an Accu-Chek I1 Blood Glucose Monitor (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis), which is based on a modification of the glucose/ peroxidase reaction demonstrated by Comer (7) and Free et al (17). Whole-blood comparison studies of the Accu-Chek I1 with a glucose hexokinase reference method have supported its use as a valid (r=.978) and reliable instrument (8).…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Blood Glucose and Performance in Runners

Wilber¹,

Moffatt²

1992

International Journal of Sport Nutrition

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Ten trained male runners performed a treadmill exercise test at 80%under two experimental conditions, carbohydrate (CHO, 7% carbohydrate) and placebo (P), to determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance (treadmill run time), blood glucose concentration, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Treatment order was randomized and counterbalanced and test solutions were administered double-blind. Ingestion took place 5 min preexercise (250 ml) and at 15-min intervals during exercise (125 ml). Performance was enhanced by 29.4% (p~ 0.05) during CHO (115 ±25 min) compared to P (92 ± 27 min). Blood glucose concentration was significantly greater during CHO (5.6 ± 0.9 mM) relative to P (5.0 ±0.7 mM). There was a significant increase in mean RER following CHO ingestion (.94±.01) compared to P (.90±.01). Average RPE was significantly less during CHO (14.5±2.3) relative to P (15.4±2.4). These data suggest that time to exhaustion of high-intensity treadmill exercise is delayed as a result of carbohydrate ingestion and that this effect is mediated by favorable alterations in blood glucose concentration and substrate utilization.

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“…Enzymatic detection is achieved by a reaction between an enzyme and a specific substrate forming an enzyme-substrate complex, which produces a color change [ 4 , 6 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 58 ]. Martinez et al detected proteins and glucose in artificial urine samples in a paper device, which was fabricated via photolithography [ 62 ].…”

Section: Detection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper-based dipstick assays, lateral flow, and vertical flow immunoassays are routinely performed for rapid detection of target analytes [ 15 ]. Simple dipstick techniques were initially utilized to quantify the glucose in urine in 1956 [ 16 ]. Although the dipstick technique was convenient and easy to interpret, its main drawbacks included long analysis times and inaccuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

Singh

Lantigua

Meka

et al. 2018

Sensors

232

150

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Paper is a versatile, flexible, porous, and eco-friendly substrate that is utilized in the fabrication of low-cost devices and biosensors for rapid detection of analytes of interest. Paper-based sensors provide affordable platforms for simple, accurate, and rapid detection of diseases, in addition to monitoring food quality, environmental and sun exposure, and detection of pathogens. Paper-based devices provide an inexpensive technology for fabrication of simple and portable diagnostic systems that can be immensely useful in resource-limited settings, such as in developing countries or austere environments, where fully-equipped facilities and highly trained medical staff are absent. In this work, we present the different types of paper that are currently utilized in fabrication of paper-based sensors, and common fabrication techniques ranging from wax printing to origami- and kirigami-based approaches. In addition, we present different detection techniques that are employed in paper-based sensors such as colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescence detection, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence, as well as their applications including disease diagnostics, cell cultures, monitoring sun exposure, and analysis of environmental reagents including pollutants. Furthermore, main advantages and disadvantages of different types of paper and future trends for paper-based sensors are discussed.

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Simple Specific Test for Urine Glucose

Abstract: A simple, specific, sensitive, and speedy test for glucose in urine has been described. This enzymatic test based on the activity of glucose oxidase and peroxidase is called Clinistix. Data are presented to show that the test has a high accuracy with both positive and negative specimens.

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Biocompatible and flexible paper-based metal electrode for potentiometric wearable wireless biosensing

Biocompatible and flexible paper-based metal electrode for potentiometric wearable wireless biosensing

Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Blood Glucose and Performance in Runners

Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications

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