Simplification and sensitivity study of Alamar Blue bioassay for toxicity assessment in liquid media

Zaré, Mehdi; Amin, Mohammad Mehdi; Nikaeen, Mahnaz; Zaré, Mehdi; Bina, Bijan; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Rahmani, Ayat; Ghasemian, Mohammad

doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1040853

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2020; 9(1):e83067. (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). However, according to the results of this study, the complete degradation of insecticides to H 2 O and CO 2 normally takes place un-der special conditions (18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…In the last decades, there has been great attention to the development of efficient methods for insecticide removal from aqueous environments based on advanced ox-idation processes (AOPs) such as TiO 2 /Ni photo-electrode (2), UV/N-doped TiO 2 nanosheets (3), UV/iodide/ZnO (9), UV/H2O2 (10), and UV/nano-ZnO (11). Among such processes, UV/nano-ZnO can be regarded as an effective treatment method for hazardous contaminants such as diazinon, malathion, and other compounds (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). However, the complete mineralization of such contaminants to H 2 O and CO 2 normally needs different parameters such as contact time, anionic and cationic concentration, initial concentration of pollutants, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of Malathion and Diazinon Byproducts Generated Through the UV/Nano-Zn Process

Khaghani

Zare

2019

Health Scope

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The potential toxicity of diazinon and malathion byproducts had been poorly studied. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of malathion, diazinon, and their byproducts generated through the UV/nano-Zn process. Diazinon and malathion samples were prepared at 1, 5, and 10 mg/L concentrations. In this study, the UV/nano-ZnO process was used for the degradation of these insecticides. The contact times in reactors were 0.5, 1, and 2 h and pH was set at 6, 7, 8, and 9. The dehydrogenase enzyme assay using Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas bacteria was used for malathion, diazinon, and their byproducts. All tests were prepared in triplicate. The probit analysis in SPSS Ver. 16.0 software was used for the calculation of EC50 (50% effective concentrations). According to the results, byproduct analysis and toxicity assessment were performed in the following situation in the UV/nano-ZnO process: pH 8, contact time of 2 h, initial concentration of 5 mg/L, removal efficiency of diazinon and malathion of 95.4% and 97.5%, respectively. The EC50 values using Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas were 0.35 and 4.26 mg/L for diazinon and 173.3 and 279.82 mg/L for malathion, respectively. The EC50 values using Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas were 2.24 and 2.82 mg/L for diazinon byproducts and 28.10 and 197.92 mg/L for malathion byproducts, respectively. This study showed that in some cases the byproducts of diazinon and malathion produced through the UV/nano-ZnO process are more toxic than diazinon and malathion (primary forms). Therefore, it can be suggested that their removal in photo-catalyst processes should be under special caution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Malathion and Diazinon Byproducts Generated Through the UV/Nano-Zn Process

Khaghani

Zare

2019

Health Scope

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“…Furthermore, there is a direct and positive relationship between the inhibition percentage of the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme of the bacteria and inhibition percentage of the colonies that formed (R 2 = 0.987). In the study by Zare et al ( 2016 ), RR method and its comparison with CFU of Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Bacillus bacteria were evaluated in determining the toxicity of wastewater containing heavy metals. In their study, it was found that there is a linear and direct relationship between the bacterial enzymatic activity and colony count in determination of toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of photochemical decomposition acetamiprid pesticide from aqueous solutions and effluent toxicity assessment by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCRC using response surface methodology

et al. 2017

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Contamination of water resources by acetamiprid pesticide is considered one of the main environmental problems. The aim of this study was the optimization of acetamiprid removal from aqueous solutions by TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite using the response surface methodology (RSM) with toxicity assessment by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCRC. To obtain the optimum condition for acetamiprid degradation using RSM and central composite design (CCD). The magnetic TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized using co-precipitation and sol–gel methods. The surface morphology of the nanocomposite and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. In this study, toxicity assessment tests have been carried out by determining the activity of dehydrogenase enzyme reducing Resazurin (RR) and colony forming unit (CFU) methods. According to CCD, quadratic optimal model with R2 = 0.99 was used. By analysis of variance, the most effective values of each factor were determined in each experiment. According to the results, the most optimal conditions for removal efficiency of acetamiprid (pH = 7.5, contact time = 65 min, and dose of nanoparticle 550 mg/L) was obtained at 76.55%. Effect concentration (EC50) for RR and CFU test were 1.950 and 2.050 mg/L, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the model, predicted response values showed high congruence with actual response values. And, the model was suitable for the experiment’s design conditions.

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“…Following 60 min of contact time, 2 mL of HCl-phthalate 0.05 M buffer and 20 mL of n-amyl alcohol solution were added to each test tube. Afterwards these materials were stirred slowly, The rate of alamar blue reduction was determined through the extent of absorption at the wavelength of 620 nm using UV/ViS spectrophotometer device (Braic 2100) (Toolabi et al 2017; Zare et al 2016). The percentage of alamar blue reduction was obtained using Eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But in the presence of living bacteria, alamar blue is converted to resorufin and the color of the solution changes from blue to pink (Nasiry et al 2007; Rampersad 2012; Gregoraszczuk et al 2015; Balouiri et al 2016; Tyc et al 2016; Zare et al 2016; Teh et al 2017; Toolabi et al 2017). To achieve the best and most effective method of removal and risk assessment of diazinon in aqueous solution, more studies need to be done in this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling photocatalytic degradation of diazinon from aqueous solutions and effluent toxicity risk assessment using Escherichia coli LMG 15862

et al. 2018

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In this study, modeling and degradation of diazinon from contaminated water by advanced oxidation process together with a new test for effluent bioassay using E. coli were investigated. The experiments were designed based on response surface methodology. Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The shape characteristics and specifications of elements in the nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray, respectively. Diazinon was measured using high performance liquid chromatography device and by-products due to its decomposition were identified by gas chromatography-mass (GC–MS). In the present study, effluent bioassay tests were conducted by defining the rate of dehydrogenase enzyme reducing alamar blue method. According to statistical analyses (R2 = 0.986), the optimized values for pH, dose of NPs, and contact time were found to be 6.75, 775 mg/L, and 65 min, respectively. At these conditions, 96.06% of the diazinon was removed. Four main by-products, diazoxon, 7-methyl-3-octyne, 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4pyrimidinol and diethyl phosphonate were detected. According to the alamar blue reducing (ABR) test, 50% effective concentration, no observed effect concentration, and 100% effective concentration (EC100) for the mortality rate of E. coli were obtained as 2.275, 0.839, and 4.430 mg/L, respectively. Based on the results obtained, it was found that mentioned process was high efficiency in removing diazinon, and also a significant relationship between toxicity assessment tests were obtained (P < 0.05).

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Simplification and sensitivity study of Alamar Blue bioassay for toxicity assessment in liquid media

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Toxicity of Malathion and Diazinon Byproducts Generated Through the UV/Nano-Zn Process

Toxicity of Malathion and Diazinon Byproducts Generated Through the UV/Nano-Zn Process

Optimization of photochemical decomposition acetamiprid pesticide from aqueous solutions and effluent toxicity assessment by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCRC using response surface methodology

Modeling photocatalytic degradation of diazinon from aqueous solutions and effluent toxicity risk assessment using Escherichia coli LMG 15862

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