Simulated rainfall in Brazil: An alternative for assesment of soil surface processes and an opportunity for technological development

Luz, Camila Calazans da Silva; Almeida, Wilk Sampaio de; Souza, Adilson Pacheco de; Alves, Amanda Sales; Anache, Jamil Alexandre Ayach; Carvalho, Daniel Fonseca de

doi:10.1016/j.iswcr.2023.05.002

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In this context, soil water infiltration and runoff surface are critical physical processes that respond to changes in soil structure as affected by management practices. Enhancing water infiltration conditions in the soil leads to reduced erosion and promotes underground aquifer recharge [21]. As it is linked to soil water dynamics, it serves as a vital indicator of agronomic performance and potential environmental impacts in a specific area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Land Use Changes on Soil Functions and Water Security: Insights from a Three-Year-Long Study in the Cantareira System, Southeast of Brazil

Santana,

Faria,

Barbosa

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Maintaining soil functions is crucial for human well-being, but there is a lack of integration between soil, water security, ecosystem services, and climate change. To bridge this knowledge gap and address erosion-induced soil and water losses and considering intrinsic impacts of soil structure, a three-year-long study was conducted focused on three dominant soil types (Typic Hapludult, Typic Dystrudept, and Typic Usthortent) combined with different land uses (native forest, eucalyptus plantation, rotational grazing, and extensive grazing) in a critical water supply region for the São Paulo metropolitan area in Southeastern Brazil. Surface runoff, evaluated for erosion resistance, was measured using the Cornell infiltrometer, and soil electrical resistivity tomography estimated soil water content to a depth of 1.5 m for groundwater recharge analysis. Soil hydraulic properties were also measured. The results revealed that native forest soils had higher hydraulic conductivity, particularly in the surface layer, compared to eucalyptus and pastures. Native forests in Typic Hapludult showed a higher runoff rate (200 to 250 mm h−1) due to a naturally dense subsoil layer that negatively impacted water infiltration and recharge with a high erosion potential, therefore reducing the amount of water stored. Typic Usthortent maintained a higher soil water content in pastures than in other land uses and also showed a low rate of water infiltration, resulting in perched water in the surface layer. In Typic Dystrudept, the native forest presented higher hydraulic conductivity (0–5 cm: 115.9 cm h−1) than eucalyptus (0–5 cm: 36.4 cm h−1), rotational grazing (0–5 cm: 19.4 cm h−1), and extensive grazing (0–5 cm: 2.6 cm h−1), but there were no significant differences in soil water content among land uses. This work illustrates the crucial role of native forests in affecting deep water recharge, reducing the soil surface erosion, mainly in soils without naturally subsoil layer, maintaining recharge potential. For Ultisols, pastures preserved soil structure and are therefore less impacted by soil management. With these results, a contribution is made to soil and water conservation, providing support for sustainable management practices in erosion-prone areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Land Use Changes on Soil Functions and Water Security: Insights from a Three-Year-Long Study in the Cantareira System, Southeast of Brazil

Santana,

Faria,

Barbosa

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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An Experimental Study of the Morphological Evolution of Rills on Slopes under Rainfall Action

Huang,

Wang,

Shao

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Accurately monitoring the morphology and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the entire process of slope erosion rill development is essential to circumvent the limitations inherent in traditional methods that rely on average flow velocity for hydrodynamic parameter calculations. This study employs an environmental chamber and a self-developed slope erosion test device to perform erosion tests on slopes with varying gradients and rainfall intensities. By integrating the structure-from-motion (SfM) method, fixed grid coordinate method, and continuous camera combined with the dye tracer technique, the morphological indexes and hydrodynamic parameters of the entire rill development process are precisely computed. The main conclusions are as follows: The entire process of slope rill development can be divided into three distinct stages. The initial stage is characterized by the appearance of tiny rills with mild erosion. The middle stage involves severe transverse spreading erosion and longitudinal undercutting, resulting in diverse rill morphologies. The final stage is marked by the stabilization of morphological characteristics. The peak slope soil loss is observed during the middle stage of rill development. The most effective parameters for characterizing slope soil loss from the beginning to the end are the Reynolds number and flow shear stress, the Froude number and flow shear stress, and the Froude number during different periods. Throughout the development of rills, the flow velocity initially decreases and then gradually increases until it stabilizes. The morphological indexes, including rill density, dissected degree, inclination, and complexity, generally show an increasing trend. However, in the middle stage, the rate of increase slows down, followed by a sharp rise at certain points. The optimal hydraulic parameters for evaluating rill density across different slope gradients, which were found to be the Darcy–Weisbach drag coefficient and real-time flow velocity, for assessing rill dissected degree, complexity, and inclination, were the Reynolds number and flow power. Under varying rainfall intensities, the most effective hydraulic and kinetic parameters for evaluating rill density, dissected degree, and inclination were flow shear stress and Reynolds number; for assessing rill complexity, the Reynolds number and flow power were used. The findings of this research enhance the accuracy of hydrodynamic parameter calculations in rill erosion tests, enable precise prediction of rill development trends on slopes, and offer innovative approaches for real-time dynamic monitoring of rill morphology and characteristics. These advancements are of significant importance for soil and water conservation and sustainability.

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Simulated rainfall in Brazil: An alternative for assesment of soil surface processes and an opportunity for technological development

Cited by 2 publications

References 109 publications

Impacts of Land Use Changes on Soil Functions and Water Security: Insights from a Three-Year-Long Study in the Cantareira System, Southeast of Brazil

Impacts of Land Use Changes on Soil Functions and Water Security: Insights from a Three-Year-Long Study in the Cantareira System, Southeast of Brazil

An Experimental Study of the Morphological Evolution of Rills on Slopes under Rainfall Action

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