Simulation Analysis of Crop Rotation Effects on Weed Seedbanks

Jordan, Nicholas R.; Mortensen, David A.; Prenzlow, Danielle M.; Cox, K. C.

doi:10.2307/2445585

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Such survival estimates can be integrated with population models. By simulating conditions with and without a seed bank, and using sensitivity analyses, researchers have explored seed bank dynamics and the role of the seed bank in population persistence and dynamics (Kalisz & McPeek 1992, 1993; Jordan et al . 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of soil seed banks and newly dispersed seeds in population dynamics of the annual sunflower, Helianthus annuus

Alexander

Schrag

2003

Journal of Ecology

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Summary 1We explored the role of the seed bank in population dynamics of the summer annual Helianthus annuus . First, we determined seed survival under field conditions. Secondly, we conducted an experiment in which a dispersal treatment (plants allowed/not allowed to disperse seeds) was crossed with a soil disturbance treatment that was predicted to increase seed bank recruitment. Our goal was to evaluate the relative importance of the previous year's seed production vs. the remainder of the seed bank to numbers of plants. 2 Yearly seed survival was variable, ranging from 46 to 83% when seeds were buried in mesh packets and from 12 to 76% for seeds placed on the soil surface. Survival was higher for plots established in 1999 than in 2000. Survival was often higher in later years but was unaffected by the presence of litter.3 By comparing seedling establishment between dispersal treatments, we inferred that approximately 10-23% of the seedlings were from the seed bank, independent of soil disturbance. 4 Although seed dispersal the previous year led to increased numbers of seedlings by at least 4.5 times, the number of adults only increased 2.5 times and head production only increased 1.5 times because of density-dependent processes. 5 Patches of seedlings emerging only from the seed bank (often at low densities) may have a disproportionate contribution to the next generation. Average head production/ seedling was 3.6 for such seedlings vs. 0.8 for seedlings from both the previous year's seed set and the seed bank. Emergence of seeds from the seed bank in high-density seedling areas may, however, have little effect on patch reproduction as reproductive output was asymptotically related to the number of seedlings initially present. Studies of seed survival and seedling biology should therefore be done with consideration of the entire life cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of soil seed banks and newly dispersed seeds in population dynamics of the annual sunflower, Helianthus annuus

Alexander

Schrag

2003

Journal of Ecology

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“…Previous studies (e.g. Jordan et al. 1995) have provided evidence that seed survival is an important parameter in annual weed population dynamics and a significant factor in invasions (Timmins & Owen 2001; Radosevich, Holt & Ghersa 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of weed risk assessments for biofuels using Camelina sativa as a model species

Davis¹,

Menalled

Peterson

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Biofuel production has the potential of reducing CO 2 emissions while decreasing global dependence on fossil fuels. However, concerns have been raised on the invasiveness of biofuel feedstocks. Estimating invasion potential remains a challenge because of inconsistencies and inherent limitations of using first-tier qualitative weed risk assessment (WRA) protocols singularly. 2. We evaluated the usefulness of second-tier quantitative WRA methods using a recently introduced oilseed crop, Camelina sativa, as a model species. First, we subjected C. sativa to the qualitative Australian WRA and found that it should not be allowed entry. We then used demographic models fit with field-estimated parameters as a second-tier approach to quantitatively evaluate its invasion potential. Data on disturbance (two herbicides, mechanical, none) and seeding season (autumn, spring) relative to C. sativa demography were obtained over 2 years in two rangeland ecosystems in Montana, USA. Population growth (k) was forecast by developing population dynamics models using field data. 3. Emergence rates were greatest when C. sativa was spring-seeded; all survivors to maturity occurred only in mechanically disturbed plots. Population growth rate never exceeded 0AE03, and the maximum time to extinction was 6 years. Perturbation analyses indicated that consistent propagule pressure and biologically improbable rates of seed survival are necessary to sustain C. sativa populations, indicating that the risk of invasion by this species in the studied ecosystems is low. 4. Synthesis and applications. Although more site-years of demographic data would strengthen our conclusions about the invasion potential of C. sativa, we contend that the methods developed provide a useful contribution to WRA. If applied to proposed plant biofuel species, our second-tier quantitative refinements will elucidate important population dynamics often overlooked by qualitative WRAs and, in turn, may reduce the frequency of invasions or rejection of potentially useful species.

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“…Even small numbers of weeds surviving at the end of the season and allowed to set seed have the potential to quickly ‘restock’ the seed bank. Jordan et al . (1995) have included within their simulation studies density‐dependent matrices specifically for seed production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is the danger that over‐complication through multiple linking of models could potentially also lead to greater capacity for error. Jordan et al . (1995) state that the numerous and diverse processes involved in seed banks make the study of weed population dynamics a daunting challenge; future models may be most useful when developed as conceptual schemes allowing the study of events, processes and interactions on their effect on the seed bank.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the effect of cultivation on seed movement with application to the prediction of weed seedling emergence

Grundy

Mead²,

Burston

1999

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary 1. Effective weed control is essential in field vegetables. However, the range of available herbicides has been continually reduced for commercial and toxicological reasons over the last decade. In order to predict the optimum weeding period and to apply alternative control strategies successfully, a realistic estimate is needed of the size, timing and duration of a flush of weed emergence in a crop. The soil weed seed bank is the primary source of future weed populations, and therefore provides a unique resource for predictive management purposes. 2. Models have previously been developed to predict the emergence of weed species from different burial depths and to simulate the vertical movement of weed seeds following seed bed preparation. 3. In this investigation a vertical movement model was extended to include the effects of four cultivation implements on the horizontal displacement of weed seeds. These implements were a rotavator, a spring tine, a spader and a power harrow. 4. The rotavator caused a backward movement of seeds; neither the spring tine nor spader had a significant effect on the horizontal displacement of seeds; whilst the power harrow had the greatest capacity to move seeds forward > 0·5 m in the soil. 5. This investigation combined depth of burial and vertical movement models to simulate the likely outcome of different sequences of spring tine, spader, rotavator and power harrow on subsequent weed seedling emergence. For example, sequences including multiple passes of a spader increased the numbers of emerged seedlings, whilst for those where the rotavator dominated the sequence, a marked reduction in seedling numbers was predicted. The findings of a series of simulations are viewed in the light of existing methods of weed control based on soil cultivation, for example the stale seed bed technique. 6. The combined model provides the basis for a decision support system to aid the control of weeds. Additionally, it provides a research tool to improve understanding of the dynamics of the weed seed bank and the implications of seed bed preparations for future populations. The combined model has helped to identify areas of weed seed ecology requiring further study, essential for the development of true dynamic models.

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Simulation Analysis of Crop Rotation Effects on Weed Seedbanks

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Role of soil seed banks and newly dispersed seeds in population dynamics of the annual sunflower, Helianthus annuus

Role of soil seed banks and newly dispersed seeds in population dynamics of the annual sunflower, Helianthus annuus

Refinement of weed risk assessments for biofuels using Camelina sativa as a model species

Modelling the effect of cultivation on seed movement with application to the prediction of weed seedling emergence

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