Simulation and Analysis of Tornado Development and Decay within a Three-Dimensional Supercell Thunderstorm

Wicker, Louis J.; Wilhelmson, Robert B.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2675:saaotd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 252 publications

(197 citation statements)

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“…Midlevel cyclones were sustained throughout the end of the simulations and cyclic intensity is seen as indicated by the 1 km AGL updraft strength, see Figure 4; consistent with observations (Burgess et al, 1982;Beck et al, 2006) and previous numerical simulations ( Klemp & Rotunno, 1983;Wicker & Wilhelmson, 1995).…”

Section: No Mountain Control Similation (Nmtn)supporting

confidence: 88%

“…The supercell in all simulations exhibits cyclic intensification and decay, consistent with observations (Burgess et al, 1982, Beck et al, 2006 and previous numerical simulations (Klemp & Rotunno, 1983, Wicker & Wilhelmson, 1995. Although all simulations exhibit cyclic intensity the timing of the peak intensities is altered by the terrain such that it is shortened from approximately 75 min in the control case (NMTN) to 60 min in case with terrain (MTN).…”

Section: Orographic Effects On Supercell Intensitysupporting

confidence: 86%

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Orographic Effects on Supercell: Development and Structure, Intensity and Tracking

Smith¹,

Lin²,

Rastigejev³

2016

ENRR

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Orographic effects on tornadic supercell development, propagation, and structure are investigated using Cloud Model 1 (CM1) with idealized bell-shaped mountains of various heights and a homogeneous fluid flow with a single sounding. It is found that blocking effects are dominative compared to the terrain-induced environmental heterogeneity downwind of the mountain. The orographic effect shifts the storm track towards the left of storm motion, particularly on the lee side of the mountain, when compared to the storm track in the control simulation with no mountain. The terrain blocking effect also enhances the supercells inflow, which was increased more than one hour before the storm approached the terrain peak. The enhanced inflow allows the central region of the storm to exhibit clouds with a greater density of hydrometeors than the control. Moreover, the enhanced inflow increases the areal extent of the supercells precipitation, which, in turn enhances the cold pool outflow serving to enhance the storm's updraft until becoming strong enough to undercut and weaken the storm considerably. Another aspect of the orographic effects is that downslope winds produce or enhance low-level vertical vorticity directly under the updraft when the storm approaches the mountain peak.

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Section: No Mountain Control Similation (Nmtn)supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Orographic Effects On Supercell Intensitysupporting

confidence: 86%

Orographic Effects on Supercell: Development and Structure, Intensity and Tracking

Smith¹,

Lin²,

Rastigejev³

2016

ENRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Researchers also consider the numerical modeling of supercell storms in the hopes of resolving the matter (e.g., Klemp and Rotunno 1983;Wicker and Wilhelmson 1995;Snook and Xue 2008). Though only approximating what occurs in nature, numerical models have the advantage of simulating all of the dynamical processes involving temperature, pressure, moisture, types of precipitation, wind fields, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced spatiotemporal relational probability trees and forests

McGovern

Troutman

Brown

et al. 2012

Data Min Knowl Disc

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Many real world domains are inherently spatiotemporal in nature. In this work, we introduce significant enhancements to two spatiotemporal relational learning methods, the spatiotemporal relational probability tree and the spatiotemporal relational random forest, that increase their ability to learn using spatiotemporal data. We enabled the models to formulate questions on both objects and the scalar and vector fields within and around objects, allowing the models to differentiate based on the gradient, divergence, and curl and to recognize the shape of point clouds defined by fields. This enables the model to ask questions about the change of a shape over time or about its orientation. These additions are validated on several real-world hazardous weather datasets. We demonstrate that these additions enable the models to learn robust classifiers that outperform the versions without these new additions. In

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“…Dowell et al (2005) considers how the objects in a tornado respond to a specific vortex flow. Wicker and Wilhelmson (1995) consider a three-dimensional numerical simulation of tornado genesis within a supercell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tornado funnel-shaped cloud as convection in a cloudy layer

Zavolgenskiy

Rutkevich

2009

Adv. Sci. Res.

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Abstract. Analytical model of convection in a thick horizontal cloud layer with free upper and lower boundaries is constructed. The cloud layer is supposed to be subjected to the Coriolis force due to the cloud rotation, which is a typical condition for tornado formation. It is obtained that convection in such system can look as just one rotating cell in contrast to the usual many-cells Benard convection. The tornado-type vortex is different from spatially periodic convective cells because their amplitudes vanish with distance from the vortex axis. The lower boundary at this convection can substantially move out of the initially horizontal cloud layer forming a single vertical vortex with intense upward and downward flows. The results are also applicable to convection in water layer with negative temperature gradient.

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Simulation and Analysis of Tornado Development and Decay within a Three-Dimensional Supercell Thunderstorm

Cited by 252 publications

References 0 publications

Orographic Effects on Supercell: Development and Structure, Intensity and Tracking

Orographic Effects on Supercell: Development and Structure, Intensity and Tracking

Enhanced spatiotemporal relational probability trees and forests

Tornado funnel-shaped cloud as convection in a cloudy layer

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