Simulation and Optimization of the Design of Focusing Dielectric Lenses based on Cartesian Ovals with Physical Optics

Quasioptical Fresnel-based lens antenna with frequency-steerable focal length for millimeter wave radars

“…To obtain a focusing lens antenna, the geometric shape of the lens must guide the electromagnetic waves in such a way that they converge. As in [15], we utilize a Cartesian oval to meet these requirements. A Cartesian oval possesses two focal points, one inside the oval and the other one outside.…”

“…The lens in Figure 1 is a Cartesian oval with the length l and the diameter D. The focal length f, which is the distance between the geometric focus and the largest diameter of the lens, is set by the shape of the Cartesian oval (see [15]). The resulting shape determines the front focal distance s F , which is the distance between the beam waist and the vertex of the lens.…”

“…Lens ( 1) is a small far-field lens, as the authors of [14] present. Lens ( 2) is a focus lens based on a Cartesian oval as Figure 1 depicts and presented in [15]. Lenses (3) and ( 4) are Fresnel lenses we made out of ten and five different-sized focus lenses, respectively, according to the design concept Figure 3 illustrates.…”

“…Lenses, on the other hand, can be external systems, as used in [7,8,[10][11][12] or lens antennas, as shown in [13][14][15][16][17]. Lens antennas are dielectric lenses designed to be directly mounted to devices like a radar system, offering the advantage of compactness and easy alignment compared to external components.…”