Simulation-based design optimization of heat pump systems considering building variations

Vering, Christian; Tanrikulu, Abdussamed; Mehrfeld, Philipp; Müller, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111310

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Only in Poland (Warsaw) is the share of RES and biofuels low-at the level of about 16%, which is a rationale for setting more ambitious energy goals. All the results show that climatic conditions are very important when considering the advisability of using heat pumps in single-family buildings, which was also analyzed in [3,23,28,30,33]. Heat pumps for HVAC purposes seem to be of greater benefit in Mediterranean-type subtropical climates (Madrid and Rome), where winters are mild and summers are hot, than for continental-type climates (Warsaw and Riga), where there are long and cold winters and short and mild summers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These devices reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and other volatile pollutants into the atmosphere [20][21][22] and have an efficient energy-to-heat conversion ratio, meaning that they provide more heating and cooling power than the amount of electricity used in their operation. It is important to note that the performance of heat pumps is strongly related to ambient conditions such as outdoor air temperature, which changes throughout the year, as well as type of installation and building characteristics [3,23]. The proper design and installation of these devices allows for an efficiency of over 300% [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of the Use of Ground and Air Source Heat Pumps in Different Climatic Conditions on the Example of Selected Cities: Warsaw, Madrid, Riga, and Rome

Ołtarzewska

Krawczyk

2021

Energies

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Heat pumps, an example of one of the most environmentally friendly technologies, can play a key role in the future of sustainable energy. Due to the European Union’s ambitious goals to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, research is currently focused on finding solutions to increase the energy and economic efficiency of heating and cooling with heat pumps to benefit the environment. This paper presents the results of energy simulations for a single-family building located in selected cities—Warsaw (Poland), Madrid (Spain), Riga (Latvia), and Rome (Italy)—as a case study for different climate conditions and energy policy. In each variant, ground and air source heat pumps are considered for heating, cooling, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) purposes. Moreover, we conducted an economic estimation including investment and operating costs, as well as an ecological analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Results show that heat pumps as an energy source for HVAC systems seem to be much more beneficial for Mediterranean-type subtropical climates, than for continental-type climates. The lowest value of total energy demand was obtained in Rome (60 kWh/m2∙rok), while the highest values were recorded in Riga and Warsaw (more than 90 kWh/m2∙rok). In terms of economic and environmental aspects, the use of heat pumps was most advantageous when considering Rome. This paper provides a starting point for further research focusing on increasing the energy and economic efficiency of heat pumps, especially in cold climates, as well as a multi-parameter analysis taking into account national prices, policies regarding development of renewable energy sources, and technical and climatic conditions. It also shows how increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the national energy mix contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Use of Ground and Air Source Heat Pumps in Different Climatic Conditions on the Example of Selected Cities: Warsaw, Madrid, Riga, and Rome

Ołtarzewska

Krawczyk

2021

Energies

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“…[ 52 ] Nevertheless, the operating costs of heat pumps have the highest share of the total costs in many regions, which strongly depends on the electricity prices. [ 53 ] Thus, the main factor for reducing total costs is improving efficiency. At the same time, the additional costs of the investigated flowsheets are relatively small.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Interactions between Refrigerant, Flowsheet, and Compressor in Residential Heat Pumps

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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The refrigerant used in heat pumps significantly influences the overall system performance. However, selecting a proper refrigerant is no trivial matter due to the heat pumps’ sensitivity to the selected flowsheet, components, and operating conditions. Herein, a holistic approach is used that covers all these interdependencies simultaneously considering the flowsheet, fluid‐dependent compressor efficiencies, and the operating point. Six low global warming potential (GWP<150) refrigerants are investigated, which include pure fluids, azeotropic mixtures, and zeotropic mixtures from different substance groups. For four flowsheets, the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) by EN 14825 is calculated and serves as the assessment metric. The case study is based on typical conditions of residential heat pumps. The results show that the SCOPs substantially differ depending on the refrigerant and the flowsheet (reaching from 3.8 to 4.6). Differences in the performance of refrigerants for an equal flowsheet are mainly driven by compressor efficiency. However, these differences can be overcome by adjusting the flowsheet. In particular, when an internal heat exchanger is added, the refrigerant ranking is substantially changed. It is shown that R436A, which is inferior to R290 for the basic cycle, benefits more from an internal heat exchanger and reaches a competitive SCOP than R290.

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“…The heat pump models can be coupled with well-defined Modelica controllers via a BUS interface or exported as a Functional Mock-Up Interface (FMI). Then, the FMI allows interfacing of the controllers, for example, in MatLab/Simulink, which was applied in Vering et al [24].…”

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open‐Source vapor compression library (VCLib): Heat pump modeling for education and research

Vering

Engelpracht

Göbel

et al. 2022

Comp Applic In Engineering

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Vapor compression cycles have gained high importance due to increasing concerns regarding the decarbonization of heating and cooling applications.Typically, vapor compression cycles operate under dynamic conditions, making it difficult to predict their performance accurately. Dynamic simulation models present a decent solution for increasing the reliability of the performance assessment. However, the implementation of dynamic simulation models is a complex task, requiring a uniform description and model development. Therefore, this article introduces an open-source Vapor Compression Library called VCLib based on a literature review of existing libraries for modeling and simulation of vapor compression cycles. The VCLib combines simulation models from the refrigerant through the component to the system level. The simulation models in the VCLib strictly follow a modular and scalable modeling approach. Class diagrams vividly describe the structure of models, making the VCLib easy to use for new users, especially students.

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Simulation-based design optimization of heat pump systems considering building variations

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Simulation of the Use of Ground and Air Source Heat Pumps in Different Climatic Conditions on the Example of Selected Cities: Warsaw, Madrid, Riga, and Rome

Simulation of the Use of Ground and Air Source Heat Pumps in Different Climatic Conditions on the Example of Selected Cities: Warsaw, Madrid, Riga, and Rome

Investigation of the Interactions between Refrigerant, Flowsheet, and Compressor in Residential Heat Pumps

Open‐Source vapor compression library (VCLib): Heat pump modeling for education and research

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