Simulation, Fabrication and Analysis of Silver Based Ascending Sinusoidal Microchannel (ASMC) for Implant of Varicose Veins

Abstract

Bioengineered veins can benefit humans needing bypass surgery, dialysis, and now, in the treatment of varicose veins. The implant of this vein in varicose veins has significant advantages over the conventional treatment methods. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), vein patch repair, pulmonary embolus, and tissue-damaging problems can be solved with this implant. Here, the authors have proposed biomedical microdevices as an alternative for varicose veins. MATLAB and ANSYS Fluent have been used for simulations of blood flow for bioengineered veins. The silver based microchannel has been fabricated by using a micromachining process. The dimensions of the silver substrates are 51 mm, 25 mm, and 1.1 mm, in length, width, and depth respectively. The dimensions of microchannels grooved in the substrates are 0.9 mm in width and depth. The boundary conditions for pressure and velocity were considered, from 1.0 kPa to 1.50 kPa, and 0.02 m/s to 0.07 m/s, respectively. These are the actual values of pressure and velocity in varicose veins. The flow rate of 5.843 (0.1 nL/s) and velocity of 5.843 cm/s were determined at Reynolds number 164.88 in experimental testing. The graphs and results from simulations and experiments are in close agreement. These microchannels can be inserted into varicose veins as a replacement to maintain the excellent blood flow in human legs.

Simulation, Fuzzy Analysis and Development of ZnO Nanostructure-based Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester

“…These systems are arrangements of multi-valued logic 0 and 1 integers. Many researchers have done wonderful work by applying fuzzy simulations [24][25][26][27]. Many researchers use the fuzzy logic controller technique in designing energy storage systems by using a fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) controller.…”

Sinusoidal Microchannel with Descending Curves for Varicose Veins Implantation

“…The morphological features of this disease have been very well documented [ 1 ]. Tortuous veins can become varicose veins, and are seen with several shapes, lengths, and diameters [ 2 ]. These veins can have any shape.…”

“…However, there is a risk involved with this type of treatment method, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) transmitting the risk of pulmonary embolism. Therefore, it is not a safe treatment method [ 2 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…This type of surgery works by transporting laser light spurts in to the veins, or a thin catheter can be inserted into an enlarged varicose vein and the high temperature of the catheter tip treats these veins with radiofrequency or laser. It is a non-invasive method, but there is a risk of hyperpigmentation [ 2 , 7 , 12 ].…”

“…Vein litigation and stripping is an invasive method, and the removal of a main vein can cause tissue damage when the blood moves from small veins as the main vein is removed [ 2 , 13 , 14 ].…”