Simulation of a solar still to investigate water depth and glass angle

Aybar, Hikmet Ş.; Assefi, Hossein

doi:10.5004/dwt.2009.692

Cited by 58 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this study, SS3 yielded a maximum cumulative water production of 2.227 L/m 2 using black paint in the stainless steel basin, while a modified solar distillation system in India [10] produced 1.8 L/m 2 using stepped solar still with fin, pebble and sponge together with solar pond. This research also shows higher water productivity compared to passive solar still studies in Turkey [17], Malaysia [3,18,19] and Jordan [20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The performance investigation of triangular solar stills having different heat storage materials

Riahi

Yusof

Singh

et al. 2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Desalination of water can be achieved via the use of solar stills, especially as they are considered to be the cheapest option for potable water production in remote, arid and small communities with limited availability of freshwater. However, one very common challenge with water production via solar stills is that the amount of water produced is usually low. The aim of this work is to evaluate the productivity enhancement of solar stills using different heat storage materials in the basin. To conduct the experiments, three triangular solar stills were fabricated with similar shapes. In each solar still, a transparent polythene film and a stainless steel trough as cover and basin were used, respectively. Each basin had a length of 50 cm, width of 30 cm and depth of 8 cm. The solar still configurations differed based on inclusion of 2 cm depth of black soil or a layer of black paint in the basin. Experimental outputs indicated that there was significant increase in the amount of potable water produced using different heat storage materials under Malaysia tropical condition. Daily cumulative results of water production using these solar stills showed that the solar still with black-painted basin was more efficient; its level of productivity over the conventional solar still and the solar still with black soil in basin was 101 and 20 %, respectively. Some water quality parameters were also tested in the laboratory which indicated that the treated water met the WHO standard for drinking water.Keywords Solar distillation Á Stainless steel basin Á Black soil Á Black paint Á Potable water Nomenclature T w1 Temperature of water of solar still SS1 (°C) T w2 Temperature of water of solar still SS2 (°C) T w3 Temperature of water of solar still SS3 (°C) T a Temperature of ambient air (°C) T ic1 Temperature of inner cover of solar still SS1 (°C) T ic2 Temperature of inner cover of solar still SS2 (°C) T ic3 Temperature of inner cover of solar still SS3 (°C) I s Solar irradiance (W/m2) W h1 Hourly water production of solar still SS1 (L/m2) W h2 Hourly water production of solar still SS2 (L/m2) W h3 Hourly water production of solar still SS3 (L/m2) W c1 Cumulative water production of solar still SS1 (L/m2) W c2 Cumulative water production of solar still SS2 (L/m2) W c3 Cumulative water production of solar still SS3 (L/m2) V Wind speed (m/s)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The performance investigation of triangular solar stills having different heat storage materials

Riahi

Yusof

Singh

et al. 2015

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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“…However, the PSS had lower fabrication cost of RM 82.05 compared to GSS fabrication cost of RM 416.00. In this study, GSS and PSS yielded a higher water production compared to the passive solar stills previously investigated in Malaysia [4,14,40,41], India [8,11], Italy [9], Jordan [42], Saudi Arabia [10], and Turkey [43]. The relationships between calculated (M cn ) and experimental (M cexp ) cumulative water production of GSS and PSS are shown in Figures S8 and S9 (Supporting Information), respectively.…”

Section: Cumulative Water Productionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Potable water production using two solar stills having different cover materials and fabrication costs

Riahi

Yusof

Isa

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Solar stills are very cost-effective technologies used in producing potable water. This work aims to investigate the productivity of two passive double sloped solar stills fabricated with different cover materials with similar shapes; polythene film (PSS) and glass (GSS). The first solar still was made of a transparent polythene film, PVC pipes and a black painted stainless steel trough as cover, frame and basin, respectively. The second one was fabricated using glass as cover, with similar basin material. Experimental outputs indicated that GSS had 1%-5% higher yield than PSS throughout the experiment. The fabrication cost of PSS was 5 times less than the cost of the GSS. The thermal energy efficiencies of PSS and GSS were obtained as 34.05% and 35.50%, respectively. A mathematical model for each solar still was developed using the relationships of heat and mass transfer and their calculated and experimental productivities were in good agreement. Water quality parameters tested showed that water produced from both solar stills met the WHO standards for drinking purposes.

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“…Starting with a basic unit comprising a black-coloured flat basin and a tilted glass cover, several improvisations have been made on the still over the years to raise the output. These include a range of passive and active methods [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Although not specified explicitly, most of the solar stills can desalinate sea water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Practical and sustainable household seawater desalination using an improved solar still

Maiti

Bhatt

Ghosh

2016

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Conventional seawater desalination plants have so far not been scaled down to household level, at least not in a practical or affordable manner. Solar still technology can fill this void. Studies were conducted with five step-solar stills (1.01 m 2 top glass area) operated (i) conventionally, (ii) after fitting with North-South reflectors in V-trough alignment to raise the incident solar radiation on the still and (iii) after additionally fitting metallic condensers on the sides. Comparative data generated for (i) and (ii) gave an output (day + night) of 2.95 and 5.95 L, respectively, on a typical sunny day in April 2012, and 2.54 and 5.11 L during a typical day in November 2012. Similarly, comparative data of (ii) and (iii) gave values of 4.72, 4.42 and 5.44 L for (ii); 7.06, 5.31 and 6.27 L for (iii), for experiments conducted during typical days in March, June and December 2012, respectively. Output thus followed the trend (iii) > (ii) > (i). The maximum production of potable water with (iii) was 7.27 L m −2 d −1 on 22 March 2012 with recovery of 40.4% with respect to concentrated (55,000 ppm) seawater charged. The average output of (iii) over 258 d of operation spread over the year was 5.07 L m −2 d −1 , and the average efficiency with respect to incident radiation on top glass cover was 32.86%. Such a still, which was not only more productive but also easy to operate, clean and maintain, would be an ideal sustainable solution for individual households in the proximity of the sea if the unit can be made affordable. A scaled-up version of the unit at (ii), having 3.02 m 2 top glass area, and with some modifications in aspect ratio, material of construction and number of steps, gave ca. 3.5 times the output of (ii) with 35,000 ppm seawater feed, indicating the scalability of the still in V-trough design.

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Simulation of a solar still to investigate water depth and glass angle

Cited by 58 publications

References 7 publications

The performance investigation of triangular solar stills having different heat storage materials

The performance investigation of triangular solar stills having different heat storage materials

Potable water production using two solar stills having different cover materials and fabrication costs

Practical and sustainable household seawater desalination using an improved solar still

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