Simulation of e–γ–n targets by FLUKA and measurement of neutron flux at various angles for accelerator based neutron source

A data-based photonuclear reaction model for GEANT4

“…Clearly G4 does not reproduce well the experimental (c, n) reaction cross-sections. G4 also shows that although rather good agreement is achieved for the 197 Au(c, 2n) 195 Au reaction, the model underestimates the experimental 9 Be(c, 2n) 7 Be reaction cross-section by up to three orders of magnitude. It is thus necessary to develop a new hadronic model in this low energy region.…”

“…Such discrepancies may come from the underestimation of the neutron production for the 9 Be(c, n) 8 Be reaction. The neutrons from the 9 Be(c, 2n) 7 Be reaction, which has a threshold energy E th of $20.588 MeV, do not contribute to the neutron production in the E c < $16 MeV region. A similar feature can also be seen in Fig.…”

“…Photon-induced neutron productions play important roles in various industrial and scientific fields which include studies of astrophysical c-process [1][2][3], photon activation analysis [4][5][6][7][8], long-lived radioactive nuclear waste transmutation [9][10][11][12][13], radiography and radiotherapy [14][15][16], and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) [17][18][19]. For radiation protection, it is important to estimate the production of photoneutrons accurately in radiation therapy [20][21][22][23][24].…”

An investigation of the neutron flux in bone-fluorine phantoms comparing accelerator based in vivo neutron activation analysis and FLUKA simulation data

“…The experiment and the Monte Carlo simulated neutron flux results were found to be consistent. This is not surprising: FLUKA has been used in several studies and is validated by various experiments [33][34][35][36]. We matched the FLUKA data to experimental results obtained via fairly standard methodology of measurements of neutron fluxes using Mn activation foils as has been performed in multiple studies [23,21,22,43,42,41], and often around accelerators which have been used as a neutron source for therapy purposes [28,13,8,39,27].…”

“…FLUKA has been previously shown to be an extremely useful tool in the field of radiation physics [33][34][35][36]. It is a multipurpose transport Monte Carlo code for calculations of particle transport and interactions with matter, covering an extended range of applications such as proton and electron accelerators.…”