“…With the rapid development of "3S" (GPS, remote sensing [RS], and GIS) technology and computer technology, geographical simulation has become a common way to analyze and predict geographical phenomena. Geographical models, such as cellular automata (CA) models and agent-based models, have been widely used and studied in the field of geographical simulation (Dahal & Chow, 2014;Kaviari, Saadi Mesgari, Seidi, & Motieyan, 2019;Li, Chen, Liu, Xu, & Chen, 2017;Wang et al, 2013;Xia, Wang, Zhang, & Zhang, 2018). The CA model, in particular, has been widely used to simulate urban growth because of its simple structure and convenient application (Xia, Zhang, Wang, Qiao, & Zhang, 2020).…”