Simultaneous analysis of ochratoxin A and its major metabolite ochratoxin alpha in plasma and urine for an advanced biomonitoring of the mycotoxin

Muñoz, Katherine; Blaszkewicz, Meinolf; Degen, Gisela H.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.044

Cited by 97 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…This difference can be due to the fact that the consumption of wine and dried fruit is less in Belgium when comparing to SouthEuropean countries. Furthermore no OTA metabolites were found in the urine samples of the Belgian population, in contrast with other studies (Coronel et al, 2011;Munoz et al, 2010), this can have led to an underestimation of the OTA intake in Belgium.…”

Section: Estimated Dietary Exposure Through Urinary Levelscontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Toxicokinetic studies in animals revealed that most of the mycotoxins are excreted through the kidneys within 48 h. For this reason urinary biomarker levels can give more information about the recent intake of these mycotoxins. In contrast, OTA in blood is an indicator of continuous exposure to this toxin as OTA has a plasma half-life of approximately 35 days (Munoz et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human biomonitoring of multiple mycotoxins in the Belgian population: Results of the BIOMYCO study

Heyndrickx

Sioen

Huybrechts

et al. 2015

Environment International

191

169

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Mycotoxins are important food contaminants responsible for health effects such as cancer, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity or immunosuppression. The assessment of mycotoxin exposure is often based on calculations combining mycotoxin occurrence data in food with population data on food consumption. Because of limitations inherent to that approach, the direct measurement of biomarkers of exposure in biological fluids has been proposed as a suitable alternative to perform an accurate mycotoxin exposure assessment at individual level. For this reason, the BIOMYCO study was designed to assess mycotoxin exposure in Belgian adults and children using urinary biomarkers of exposure. Morning urine was gathered in a representative part of the Belgian population according to a standardised study protocol, whereby 155 children (3-12 years old) and 239 adults (19-65 years old) were selected based on random cluster sampling. These urine samples were analysed for the presence of 33 potential biomarkers with focus on aflatoxins, citrinin (CIT), fumonisins, trichothecenes, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone and their metabolites using two validated LC-MS/MS methods. Nine out of the 33 analysed mycotoxins were detected whereby deoxynivalenol (DON), OTA, CIT and their metabolites were the most frequently detected. Deoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide was the main urinary DON biomarker and was found in all urine samples in the ng/mL range. Furthermore deoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide was quantified in 91% of the urine samples collected from children and in 77% of the samples collected from adults. Deoxynivalenol was detected in 70% and 37% of the samples of children and adults respectively. For the first time deepoxy-deoxynivalenol-glucuronide was detected in children's urine (17%). In the samples collected by adults, the prevalence was 22%. Whereas all these mycotoxins contaminated the urine samples in the ng/mL range, CIT and OTA were present in much lower concentrations (pg/mL). OTA contaminated 51% and 35% of the samples collected by children and adults respectively. CIT and its metabolite were present in 72% and 6% of children's urine, whereas they contaminated 59% and 12% of adult's urine. Finally, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol-14-glucuronide were found in respectively one and two samples from adults. The exposure to DON, OTA and CIT was compared between subgroups and urinary mycotoxin concentrations differed significantly among age and gender. Based on the urinary levels, the daily intake of DON and OTA was estimated and evaluated whereby, depending on the used method, 16-69% of the population possibly exceeded the tolerable daily intake for DON and 1% for OTA. The BIOMYCO study is the first study whereby a multi-toxin approach was applied for mycotoxin exposure assessment in adults and children on a large-scale. Moreover, it is the first study that described the exposure to an elaborated set of mycotoxins in the Belgian population. Biomarker analysis showed a clear exposure of a broad segment of the Belgian population to DON, OTA and CIT. Th...

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Section: Estimated Dietary Exposure Through Urinary Levelscontrasting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human biomonitoring of multiple mycotoxins in the Belgian population: Results of the BIOMYCO study

Heyndrickx

Sioen

Huybrechts

et al. 2015

Environment International

191

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 3 Munoz et al [13]. These findings further confirm the fact that OTα is the principal metabolite of OTA detoxification in humans and not 4-OH OTA.…”

Section: Results Of Pilot Studysupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Gilbert et al [12], found a positive correlation between the urinary concentration of OTA and the consumption of OTA, while Munoz et al [13] reported the presence of OTA and its major metabolite ochratoxin alpha (OTα) in 100% of the samples analyzed. OTα which is produced from the hydrolysis of OTA by the gut microflora in the intestine was the major metabolite detected in the urine of rats [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

121

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“…In recent years, several analytical methods have been reported for OTA in biological matrices, such as urine [12][13][14][15][16], blood [14,16,17], or faeces [18]. Most developed methods use manual solid-phase extraction or immunoaffinity columns to selectively retain OTA and remove matrix interferent compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-automated solid-phase extraction method for studying the biodegradation of ochratoxin A by human intestinal microbiota

Camel

Ouethrani

Coudray

et al. 2012

Journal of Chromatography B

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Simultaneous analysis of ochratoxin A and its major metabolite ochratoxin alpha in plasma and urine for an advanced biomonitoring of the mycotoxin

Cited by 97 publications

References 25 publications

Human biomonitoring of multiple mycotoxins in the Belgian population: Results of the BIOMYCO study

Human biomonitoring of multiple mycotoxins in the Belgian population: Results of the BIOMYCO study

A direct assessment of mycotoxin biomarkers in human urine samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Semi-automated solid-phase extraction method for studying the biodegradation of ochratoxin A by human intestinal microbiota

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