Simultaneous and rapid screening of live and dead E. coli O157:H7 with three signal outputs: An all-in-one biosensor using phage-apoferritin@CuO2 signal tags on MXenes-modified electrode platform

Recent advances using MXenes in biomedical applications

“…195 Electrochemical sensors for microorganisms using MXene-based nanomaterials are summarized in Table 4. Exosomes, 196–199 bacteria, 200–205 viruses, 149,206–209 and even cancer cells 114,171 can be measured through appropriate surface modification of electrodes. The lowest sensing range is about 10 particles per μL.…”

“…189 Xiao et al developed a phage-apoferritin@CuO 2 (phage-Apo@CP) probe on an antimicrobial peptide (AMP)/MXenes-modified detection platform. 201 With the specific recognition of AMP and phage-Apo@CP, the biosensor for the target Escherichia coli O157:H7 ( E. coli O157:H7) presented multi-mode (bioluminescent, colorimetric, and electrochemical) signals to simultaneously measure live and dead bacteria. 201 The bioluminescent signal generated by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the bacteria was used to quantify live bacteria.…”

“…201 With the specific recognition of AMP and phage-Apo@CP, the biosensor for the target Escherichia coli O157:H7 ( E. coli O157:H7) presented multi-mode (bioluminescent, colorimetric, and electrochemical) signals to simultaneously measure live and dead bacteria. 201 The bioluminescent signal generated by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the bacteria was used to quantify live bacteria. The colorimetric and voltammetric signals triggered by ˙OH and Cu 2+ from the probe with the assistance of acid could rapidly screen and quantitatively determine the total concentration of E. coli O157:H7.…”

“…The colorimetric and voltammetric signals triggered by ˙OH and Cu 2+ from the probe with the assistance of acid could rapidly screen and quantitatively determine the total concentration of E. coli O157:H7. 201 The biosensor was successfully used for on-site measurement of live and dead E. coli O157:H7 in food samples with a limit of detection of 30 colony-forming unit CFU mL −1 for live ones and 6 CFU mL −1 for total bacteria within 50 min. 201 Li et al introduced a magnetic separation-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).…”

“…201 The biosensor was successfully used for on-site measurement of live and dead E. coli O157:H7 in food samples with a limit of detection of 30 colony-forming unit CFU mL −1 for live ones and 6 CFU mL −1 for total bacteria within 50 min. 201 Li et al introduced a magnetic separation-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 202 Vancomycin (Van) was used to modify the surface of polyethyleneimine (PEI) mediated MBs (MBs-PEI-Van) for the separation and enrichment of MRSA.…”