2007
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.12.010
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Simultaneous detection of resolved glutamate, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid at 4T

Abstract: A new approach is introduced to simultaneously detect resolved glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using a standard STEAM localization pulse sequence with the optimized sequence timing parameters. This approach exploits the dependence of the STEAM spectra of the strongly coupled spin systems of Glu, Gln, and GABA on the echo time TE and the mixing time TM at 4 Tesla to find an optimized sequence parameter set, i.e., {TE, TM}, where the outerwings of the Glu C4 multiplet resonances … Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…A similar investigation including all overlapping metabolites in the Glu/Gln range could be performed to increase the in vivo applicability. The simultaneous detection of Glu, Gln and GABA was previously reported for a STEAM sequence at 4 T [13]. Also, the effects of field strength on the Glu/Gln yields with the STEAM sequence have been investigated [14].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…A similar investigation including all overlapping metabolites in the Glu/Gln range could be performed to increase the in vivo applicability. The simultaneous detection of Glu, Gln and GABA was previously reported for a STEAM sequence at 4 T [13]. Also, the effects of field strength on the Glu/Gln yields with the STEAM sequence have been investigated [14].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…No spectral information is lost and this method can be used with standard sequences and processing schemes. In terms of the Glu/Gln resonances, this method has been explored to a limited extent at multiple field strengths using the STEAM sequence [13,14], and at 3 T using the PRESS sequence [15][16][17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alternative methods for parameter optimizations mostly aiming at specific metabolites have often been based on finding the best acquisition parameters for optimal target signal yield but also with minimal spectral overlap between the target and nuisance signals (Choi et al, 2010;Choi et al, 2012;Hu et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2005;Snyder and Wilman, 2010), usually based on quantum mechanical simulations and in vitro experiments. These investigations certainly have the advantage of yielding basic understanding of why certain parameter settings are optimal, but the CRBs inherently provide a tool that includes these optimization criteria and also extends them to other interfering metabolites and experimental factors.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To date, several methods for collecting and analyzing proton MRS ( 1 H-MRS) data have been devised for the simultaneous measurement of these compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). However, due to their complex resonance patterns and high degree of overlap with each other as well as with more dominant resonances, simultaneous detection of these amino acids remains a difficult task.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%