Simultaneous Detection of Tartrazine-Sunset Yellow in Food Samples Using Bioxide/Carbon Paste Microcomposite with Lanthanum and Titanium

Abstract

This report describes the simultaneous detection of the two dyes most commonly used in food, tartrazine (TZ) and sunset yellow (SY), based on a microcomposite of carbon paste decorated with La 2 O 3 and TiO 2. Anodic currents for SY-TZ were observed at 0.89-1.21 V by cyclic voltammetry (CV) separated with a ΔV of 0.32 V. The increased anodic peak currents compared to that of the unmodified carbon paste electrode were almost 50 and 41% for SY-TZ, respectively. The detection limits with the optimal amount of Lawere 0.02 and 0.03 µmol/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) based on fifty measurements was less than 3%. The versatility and novelty of the sensor were tested with food samples containing these substances and other substances.

Detection of Allura Red in Food Samples Using Carbon Paste Modified with Lanthanum and Titanium Oxides

“…Figure 6B shows the anode currents for AR (black curve), AR in the presence of SY (red curve), and AR in the presence of SY‐TZ. The results show that TZ presents an anodic peak current at 1.2 V, as previously reported, [32] and a small anodic peak current for SY also appears at a potential less than 0.8 V. It is clearly observed that the anodic peak current for AR is located between the anodic peak currents of SY and TZ. This result confirms the selectivity of the modified electrode for AR compared to SY, since these two dyes are oxidized at very close potential values with different electrodes.…”

“…This result confirms the selectivity of the modified electrode for AR compared to SY, since these two dyes are oxidized at very close potential values with different electrodes. When the selectivity is compared with the modified (red curve) and unmodified (black curve) electrodes in Figure 6C, it is clearly observed that the anodic peak currents for AR and SY overlap the same potential value when the electrode is used without modification, and when the electrode is modified, the anodic peak currents are observed at different potential values, separated by almost 0.25 V. Furthermore, the anodic peak current for SY has a much lower current compared to those of previous reports [32] . These results show that this modified electrode has a high selectivity for AR compared to SY.…”

“…The combined use of titanium oxide and lanthanum oxides has been reported in the development of lithium‐ion battery anodes, [30] where modification with La and Ti oxide improves the reversibility and conductivity of the battery. In sensor development, it has been reported that La 4 Ti 9 O 24 −La 2 O 3 has been used to detect nitrite in glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [31] and that La Ox ‐Ti Ox has been used to detect tartrazine and sunset yellow in carbon paste [32] . In addition, the interaction between the two oxides increases the surface area almost 50 times, [33] and the catalytic effect of TiO 2 is increased [32] .…”

Electropolymerized 4-Aminobenzoic Acid Based Voltammetric Sensor for the Simultaneous Determination of Food Azo Dyes

“…Therefore, various electrochemical approaches have been developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of these dyes [17][18][19]. Most of these approaches use chemically-modified electrodes based on nanomaterials [18]: carbon nanomaterials [20][21][22][23][24], metal [25,26] and metal oxide nanoparticles [27][28][29][30], as well as their composites and combinations [31][32][33][34][35], including graphene wrapped-phosphotungstic acid hybrid [36], and the combination of reduced graphene oxide with metal-organic frameworks of Ni with 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid [37]. An original approach for the simultaneous quantification of sunset yellow FCF and tartrazine has recently been developed using a paper-based electrode (conductive ink based on graphite powder and nail polish supported on cardboard) [38].…”

Facile Synthesis of Gold/Graphene Nanocomposites for Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine in Soft Drinks

“…The electrochemical methods, in respected to their high sensitivity, stability, portability and convenience, have received great attention for the analysis of azo dyes [6]. Up to now, some nanocomposites have been used to improve the electrochemical sensing performance for these food colorants, such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [7], MWCNTs‐ionic liquid (MWCNTs‐IL) [8], graphene oxide‐MWCNTs (GO‐MWCNTs) [9], Fe 3 O 4 −MWCNTs [10], graphene‐TiO 2 (Gr−TiO 2 ) [11], La 2 O 3 −TiO 2 [12], Gr−IL/AuNPs [13], and In 3+ /NiO hierarchical nanostructures [14], etc . Although the above sensors have improved the electrochemical response of food colorants, the design of new nanomaterials is still requried to further speed the development of sensitive food colorants sensing platform.…”