Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Tramadol by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (A) and tramadol (T) by second derivative spectrophotometric has been developed. From a solvent effect studies and the spectral behaviours of A and T, ethanol was selected as solvent. For a ∆λ value of 210 nm a smoothing factor of 8,000 and scale factor of 1,000,000 were selected, because in these conditions the signal/noise ratio was favoured in order to avoid error. In these conditions also it is possible the simultaneous determination of A/T in a molar relation of 17/1 contained in pharmaceutical formulations. At 285.7 nm the second derivative value is T concentration dependent, corresponding to zero-crossing point of A. On the other hand, T does not absorb between 296.0 to 400.0 nm, thus 308.0 nm was selected for A determination by graphic method. The determination ranges for A and T were 8.1x10-7-51x10-5 mol/L and 3.4 x10-7-5.0 x10-5 mol/L, respectively and can be determined with good precision and accuracy, without previous separation. A study of interferents, was carried out by using the excipients Zafin ® tablet. The recoveries were 97.4 ± 2.0% and 100.6 ± 1.7% for A and T, respectively. This tablet containing both drugs was assayed using the methods developed, showing a good accuracy and precision.

Simultaneous Determination of Albendazole and Praziquantel by Second Derivative Spectrophotometry and Multivariated Calibration Methods in Veterinary Pharmaceutical Formulation

“…In general, derivative spectrophotometry has been directly used to simultaneously determine organic and inorganic compounds. 32,33 Multivariate methods offer an alternative for spectroscopic data analyses. These methods have been widely applied to the simultaneous quantification of analytes in mixtures.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Tramadol in Pharmaceutical Tablets by Derivative UV-Vis Absorption Spectrophotometry

“…A metaanalysis for single dose oral in acute postoperative pain was conducted [31]. A RP-HPLC method in pharmaceutical dosage form [32], a spectrophotometric method in Tablet formulation in methanol and distilled water [33].By first derivative method [34], using HPLC-UV and GC-MS with a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer at pH 6.3 and acetonitrile [35], using just RP-HPLC by the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrilec -0.26 % triethylamine [36], using LC-ESI-MS [37], by thin layer chromatographic densitometric method (LC) [38] and the same combination using RP-HPLC isocratic mobile phase consisting of 0.1 %v/v trifluoroacetic acid: acetonitrile [39], by simple UVspectrophotometric method [40], by second derivative spectrophotometry [41], as well as a recent epidemiological analytical study on tramadol poisoning [42].…”

A new enzymatic process for the treatment of phenolic pollutants

“…960 µL of each, borate (pH = 9.0), 0.1% (w/v) 4-aminoantipyrine and 5% (w/v) potassium ferricyanide solutions, were added to the samples prepared as above and the absorbance of the resulting solution was recorded at λ = 546 nm exactly after 10 min. p-Nitrophenol concentration was determined similarly to phenol after the addition of 2.0 mL of 0.1 M NaOH solution to the samples (Toral et al 2002). Since the p-nitrophenol produced yellow color in alkaline medium, the absorbance of the resulting solution was recorded at λ = 405 nm, but, unlike phenol, its absorbance did not vary with time.…”