I would like to thank Mr. Funan for his assistance in developing the Labview codes. I thank to Mr. Feilong and Mr. Shane for helping me in the SOT measurements. I would like to acknowledge my other group members Christian, Sihua, Liu Ning, Andita, Wai Cheung, Shawn and Desmond for their help in many ways. I would like to thank Mr. Felix Bögelspacher from KIT Germany for his assistance in irradiating our magnetic memory samples. I also would like to thank Prof. J. Ding and Dr. Herng from NUS Singapore for their help in hysteresis characterizations of our magnetic thin films. I am so grateful to my parents for the freedom and support they have given me since my school days. My father always believed in me and encouraged me to purse higher studies from the world class universities. My younger brother Vipin and cousin Deepika always stand beside me in all the situations.