Simultaneous determination of four bioactive compounds in Korean rice wine (makgeolli) by solvent extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract

Makgeolli is a traditional Korean rice wine reported to have anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. We developed an approach involving solvent extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine four bioactive compounds, farnesol (FOH), squalene (SQ), and newly identified 4-vinyl guaiacol (4-VG) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP), in makgeolli. The method was validated with the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, intra-and inter-day precision, and accuracy. The validated method was then applied to several makgeolli, beer, and wine samples. 4-VG and DTBP were identified in all beverages, but FOH and SQ were only identified in makgeolli.

Co-occurrence of and Infant Exposure to Multiple Common and Unusual Phenolic Antioxidants in Human Breast Milk

“…As reported in previous studies, BHT can be added as a preservative to various packaged foods. , Although DBP is not used as a food additive, it was reported to be a natural antioxidant that is present in some foods. , In addition, BHT and DBP are present in food packaging materials and may be transferred into packaged foods. ,, A recent study reported that BHT and DBP are two major SPAs that are widely detected in PCPs . Thus, it can be expected that the increased use of multiple PCPs will lead to greater human exposure to BHT and DBP via dermal absorption.…”

Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants: A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, Human Exposure, and Toxicity

“…One possible pathway is through consumption of rice wine and sweet potato, in which DBP has been reported as natural product. 33,76,77 However, the contributions to DBP via consumption of the above-mentioned products are not available.…”

“…Thus, BHT exposure may occur when people receive medication via intravenous injection. Finally, DBP has been reported as a natural product in rice wine and sweet potato; , thus, consuming these products may contribute to human exposure to DBP.…”

“…This mismatch between high concentrations of DBP in humans and low concentrations in the environment suggests the existence of unknown human exposure pathways to DBP. One possible pathway is through consumption of rice wine and sweet potato, in which DBP has been reported as natural product. ,, However, the contributions to DBP via consumption of the above-mentioned products are not available.…”

Makgeolli - The Traditional Choice of Korean Fermented Beverage from Cereal: An Overview on its Composition and Health Benefits

“…By solvent extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, Lee et al (2018) identified four important bioactive compounds in Makgeolli viz. farnesol, squalene, 4-vinylguaiacol and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (For chemical structures, see Figure 8).…”