Simultaneous Determination of Trace Polycyclic and Nitro Musks in Water Samples Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

Lv, Yan; Yuan, Tao; Hu, Jiangyong; Wang, Wenhua

doi:10.2116/analsci.25.1125

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[20,21] Indeed, it has been reported that two nitromusks (MX and MK) and two polycyclic musks (HHCB and AHTN) accounted for 95% of the musks used in perfume market, [15] therefore, these nitromusks are still detected in environmental samples and in humans. [15,16,[22][23][24] In this study, MK was detected at the LOD-172.7 µg/kg dw in all of the WWTPs except for XT, while MX was found at the LOD-65.8 µg/kg dw in all of the WWTPs except for SGSC. MA was only detected in one sample (KFQD) at the LOD level.…”

Section: Levels and Source Of Synthetic Musks In Sludge Samplessupporting

confidence: 47%

Levels and distribution of synthetic musks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sludge collected from Guangdong Province

Zeng

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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The levels and distribution of six polycyclic musks, three nitromusks and 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in sludge collected from 19 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in six cities in Guangdong Province, China. PAHs were detected in all of the sludge samples, and the levels of the total 15 PAHs ranged from 177.2-4421.8 µg/kg dry weight (dw). Four polycyclic musks, 4-acetyl-1,1-dimethyl-6-tert-butylindan (ADBI), 6-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindan (AHMI), 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta (g) -2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl -1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro naphthalene (AHTN), were found in these samples. The total concentrations of polycyclic musks varied from 794.4-12960.3 µg/kg dw, with HHCB and AHTN being the main components. Of the three nitromusks, 2,6-dinitro-3-methoxy-4-tert-butyl -toluene (MA) was only found in one sludge sample at the limit of detection (LOD) level, while 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (Musk xylene, MX) and 4-acetyl-1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene (Musk ketone, MK) were found at levels ranging from the LOD to 65.8 µg/kg dw and LOD to 172.7 µg/kg dw, respectively, in most of the sludge samples. The PAHs, polycyclic musks and nitro musks were also shown to have various distribution patterns, possibly due to their different wastewater sources and wastewater treatment technology.

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Section: Levels and Source Of Synthetic Musks In Sludge Samplessupporting

confidence: 47%

Levels and distribution of synthetic musks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sludge collected from Guangdong Province

Zeng

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…For this reason, some of them, namely polycyclic musks, are not completely removed during wastewater treatment (Lv et al, 2010;Posada-Ureta et al, 2012;Zeng et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2008) and are therefore frequently found in surface waters (e.g. Lv et al, 2009;Posada-Ureta et al, 2012;Yang and Ding, 2012). In fact, the application of sludge and/or biosolids to agricultural fields is a direct input of musks into the soil (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long lasting perfume – A review of synthetic musks in WWTPs

Homem

Silva

Ratola

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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Synthetic musks have been used for a long time in personal care and household products. In recent years, this continuous input has increased considerably, to the point that they were recognized as emerging pollutants by the scientific community, due to their persistence in the environment, and hazardous potential to ecosystems even at low concentrations. The number of studies in literature describing their worldwide presence in several environmental matrices is growing, and many of them indicate that the techniques employed for their safe removal tend to be ineffective. This is the case of conventional activated sludge treatment plants (WWTPs), where considerable loads of synthetic musks enter mainly through domestic sewage. This review paper compiles and discusses the occurrence of these compounds in the sewage, effluents and sludge, main concentration levels and phase distributions, as well as the efficiency of the different methodologies of removal applied in these treatment facilities. To the present day, it has been demonstrated that WWTPs lack the ability to remove musks completely. This shows a clear need to develop new effective and cost-efficient remediation approaches and foresees potential for further improvements in this field.

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Section: Musk Fragrancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it was described for UV filters, traditional LLE [39] and SPE [50,84,90,99,101] have been used for the enrichment of musk fragrances. Non-polar sorbents like C18 [90] or PS-DVB [50] have been used. However, Osemwengie and Steinberg [84] found that PMA-DVB with polar and non-polar properties showed better performance than the non-polar PS-DVB for on-site SPE extraction of different nitro and polycyclic musks.…”

Section: Musk Fragrancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Personal Care Products in Water Samples

Chisvert

Salvador

2014

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Personal-care products (PCPs) could reach the aquatic environment and cause a great impact in the aquatic ecosystem. In this sense, the monitoring of these emerging pollutants in the environment yields valuable information. For this reason, analytical methods to determine PCPs in environmental waters are needed. Due to the low concentration of the PCPs, i.e. ng L À1 , sensitive methods are needed. This required sensitivity can be achieved by using sensitive analytical techniques during the measurement step, or by employing enrichment techniques during the sample treatment step. Obviously, the combination of both sensitive analytical techniques and extraction techniques considerably improves the quality of the determination.In this way, in the last years, different analytical methods have been developed to determine PCPs in environmental waters from different origin, i.e., water from sea, lake, river, influent and/or effluent wastewater treatment plant, swimming pool, tap, and groundwater. The aim of this chapter is to compile and discuss the analytical literature dealing with the development and validation of analytical methods for determining PCPs in environmental water samples, emphasizing both the employed sample treatment and the subsequent analytical technique.

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Simultaneous Determination of Trace Polycyclic and Nitro Musks in Water Samples Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Levels and distribution of synthetic musks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sludge collected from Guangdong Province

Levels and distribution of synthetic musks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sludge collected from Guangdong Province

Long lasting perfume – A review of synthetic musks in WWTPs

Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Personal Care Products in Water Samples

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