Simultaneous immobilization of a matrix containing palladium and phase transfer catalyst on silica nanoparticles: application as a recoverable catalyst for the Heck reaction in neat water

Abstract

Simultaneous anchoring of phosphonium salts and palladium catalyst on silica nanoparticles and the application in the Heck reaction in water is described.

Pd nanoparticles immobilized on magnetic chitosan as a novel reusable catalyst for green Heck and Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction: In water at room temperature

“…The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was prepared according to the literature . based on precipitation of magnetite nanoparticles from the mixture of iron(II) sulfate and iron (III) chloride by ammonia (25% solution in water).…”

“…The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was prepared according to the literature. [62] based on precipitation of magnetite nanoparticles from the mixture of iron(II) sulfate and iron (III) chloride by ammonia (25% solution in water). Subsequent, a mixture of magnetic nanoparticles and sodium sulfate (20%, W⁄V) was added to a solution of chitosan (1%, W⁄V) in acetic acid (2%, W⁄V) in a round-bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer and condenser and the mixture stirred for 1 h from the reaction mixture by an external permanent magnet, washed with ethanol and methanol and dried under vacuum at 70°C.…”

Cobalt nanoparticles supported on ionic liquid‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for Heck reaction

“…In all of the reactions, only the E ‐isomers are produced. All of the products are known and were characterized by comparing their physical properties such as FT‐IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra with those reported in the literature …”

“…The use of IL–CNT hybrids is thus one of the most elegant and efficient ways to solve the problem of catalyst recovery that minimizes the use of organic solvent . We recently reported the application of palladium complexes with quaternary phosphonium cations immobilized covalently onto a solid support in the Heck coupling reaction …”

“…With these considerations in mind, and as part of ongoing work towards the development of efficient green catalysts with particular emphasis on the Heck reaction, we report herein a novel and unique catalyst that consists of an imidazolium ionic liquid supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based on electrostatic bonding and cobalt NPs deposited on this surface under mild conditions. This catalyst matrix contains carboxylated MWCNTs, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [bmim][Cl], and cobalt NPs, which can act as a low‐cost and efficient catalyst in the Heck reaction (Scheme ).…”