Simultaneous measurement of multiple thermal hazards associated with a failure of prismatic lithium ion battery

Said, Ahmed O.; Lee, Christopher; Li, Xuan; Wu, Z.; Stoliarov, Stanislav I.

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.066

Cited by 77 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The kinetics we quantified are for 30% SOC, and the effective kinetics and thermophysical properties will differ if the same LIB has a higher SOC. Previous studies [19,30] show a LIB has higher reactivity when its SOC is larger, and hence a LIB with higher SOC is more likely to self-ignite.…”

Section: Effective Kinetics and Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In order to verify if LIB fires can start by self-heating, isothermal oven experiments for bench-scale samples are recommended [8]. Other faster methods employed in LIB ignition investigations include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [29], C80 micro-calorimeter [14], vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) adiabatic calorimeter [29] and Copper Slug Battery Calorimeter (CSBC) [30]. These methods are used to study component scale or single-battery scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study of Self-heating Ignition of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage: Effect of the Number of Cells

Restuccia

Zhang

et al. 2020

Fire Technol

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as energy storage devices. However, a disadvantage of these batteries is their tendency to ignite and burn, thereby creating a fire hazard. Ignition of LIBs can be triggered by abuse conditions (mechanical, electrical or thermal abuse) or internal short circuit. In addition, ignition could also be triggered by self-heating when LIBs are stacked during storage or transport. However, the open circuit self-heating ignition has received little attention and seems to be misunderstood in the literature. This paper quantifies the self-heating behaviour of LIB by means of isothermal oven experiments. Stacks of 1, 2, 3 and 4 Sanyo prismatic LiCoO2 cells at 30% state of charge were studied. The surface and central temperatures, voltage, and time to ignition were measured. Results show that self-heating ignition of open circuit LIBs is possible and its behaviour has three stages: heating up, self-heating and thermal runaway. We find for the first time that, for this battery type, as the number of cells increases from 1 to 4, the critical ambient temperature decreases from 165.5°C to 153°C. A Frank-Kamenetskii analysis using the measured data confirms that ignition is caused by self-heating. Parameters extracted from Frank-Kamenetskii theory are then used to upscale the laboratory results, which shows large enough LIB ensembles could self-ignite at even ambient temperatures. This is the first experimental study of the effect of the number of cells on self-heating ignition of LIBs, contributing to the understanding of this new fire hazard.

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Section: Effective Kinetics and Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Self-heating Ignition of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage: Effect of the Number of Cells

Restuccia

Zhang

et al. 2020

Fire Technol

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“…The SOC can be found as a key factor for battery thermal runaway and combustion. Recall that the stored electric energy in the battery related to the SOC reported in Said et al 39 and Ping et al 42 affected the thermal behavior. Theoretically, the heat release should have an increasing tendency with increasing SOC of battery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To estimate of the flammability of small-size batteries in a rack storage array and the effectiveness of a protection system, FM Global performed a large number of large-scale burning and extinguishing tests of 18,650 LiCoO 2 -based cells with 2.6 Ah capacity. 37 Liu et al 38 and Said et al 39 employed a novel technique to investigate the widely used small-format LIBs at different SOCs. It was determined that the total energy yielded inside the LIB increased as the SOC increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the thermal failure risk of large-format lithium-ion batteries using a cone calorimeter

Wang

Ning

Zhu³

et al. 2019

Journal of Fire Sciences

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A series of experiments were conducted to study the thermal failure hazard of large-format commercial lithium-ion batteries with typical states of charge in a calorimeter apparatus. The results indicate that the thermal failure penetration of the lithium-ion battery with 70% state of charge is faster than the lithium-ion battery with 50% state of charge. Two typical thermal failure modes, ''Gas-driven mode'' and ''Flame-driven mode,'' were also observed, corresponding to lithium-ion battery with 70% state of charge and 50% state of charge, respectively. Significant heat release, accompanied by large amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2) release, took place for lithium-ion battery with 50% state of charge. Inversely, lithium-ion battery with 70% state of charge presented a lower heat release while more carbon monoxide (CO) generation and obvious mass loss trend. This study may serve as a reference for safe storage, application, and transportation in lithium-ion batteries.

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“…No measurements using a practical battery have been reported to directly verify the improved safety of LIBs with advanced concentrated electrolytes. It has been reported that the highly energetic thermal runaway may release only a modest amount of heat in flaming combustion and vice versa 31,32 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries employing LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes

et al. 2020

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Concentrated electrolytes usually demonstrate good electrochemical performance and thermal stability, and are also supposed to be promising when it comes to improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries due to their low flammability. Here, we show that LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes are incapable of solving the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries. To illustrate, a mechanism based on battery material and characterizations reveals that the tremendous heat in lithium-ion batteries is released due to the reaction between the lithiated graphite and LiN(SO2F)2 triggered thermal runaway of batteries, even if the concentrated electrolyte is non-flammable or low-flammable. Generally, the flammability of an electrolyte represents its behaviors when oxidized by oxygen, while it is the electrolyte reduction that triggers the chain of exothermic reactions in a battery. Thus, this study lights the way to a deeper understanding of the thermal runaway mechanism in batteries as well as the design philosophy of electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries.

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Simultaneous measurement of multiple thermal hazards associated with a failure of prismatic lithium ion battery

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental Study of Self-heating Ignition of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage: Effect of the Number of Cells

Experimental Study of Self-heating Ignition of Lithium-Ion Batteries During Storage: Effect of the Number of Cells

Evaluating the thermal failure risk of large-format lithium-ion batteries using a cone calorimeter

Thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries employing LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes

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