Simultaneous measurements of HDO, H<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> with MIPAS‐B: Hydrogen budget and indication of dehydration inside the polar vortex

Stowasser, M.; Oelhaf, H.; Wetzel, G.; Friedl-Vallon, Felix; Maucher, G.; Seefeldner, M.; Trieschmann, Olaf; Clarmann, T. von; Fischer, H.

doi:10.1029/1999jd900239

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The line of sight is controlled actively through the scan mirror based on a control loop using attitude information from an inertial navigation system aided by GPS and referenced with postflight calibration from CCD images of the night sky; an accuracy of 0.3 mrad (40-190 m depending on tangent altitude) is achieved. The instrument lineshape and FOV have been characterised by laboratory measurements and also, in the case of the lineshape, through views of narrow atmospheric lines at high tangent altitudes as described by Friedl-Vallon et al (1999).…”

Section: The Mipas-b2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal atmospheric spectral data sets used in this study were recorded during flight campaign 6 (Friedl-Vallon et al, 1999) where the balloon was launched from Aire sur l'Adour in Southwest France on 8 May 1998 with the instrument obtaining limb spectra over the Western Mediterranean region. The spectra analysed were all measured between 02:17 to 03:17 UTC.…”

Section: The Mipas-b2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 balloon instrument

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Organic compounds play a central role in troposphere chemistry and increasingly are a viable target for remote sensing observations. In this paper, infra-red spectral features of three organic compounds are investigated in thermal emission spectra recorded on a flight on 8 May 1998 near Aire sur l'Adour by a balloon-borne instrument, MIPAS-B2, operating at high spectral resolution. It is demonstrated, for the first time, that PAN and acetone can be detected in infra-red remote sensing spectra of the upper troposphere; detection results are presented at tangent altitudes of 10.4 km and 7.5 km (not acetone). In addition, the results provide the first observation of spectral features of formic acid in thermal emission, as opposed to solar occultation, and confirm that concentrations of this gas are measurable in the mid-latitude upper troposphere, given accurate spectroscopic data. For PAN, two bands are observed centred at 794 cm −1 and 1163 cm −1 . For acetone and formic acid, one band has been detected for each so far with band centres at 1218 cm −1 and 1105 cm −1 respectively. Mixing ratios inferred at 10.4 km tangent altitude are 180 pptv and 530 pptv for PAN and acetone respectively, and 200 pptv for formic acid with HITRAN 2000 spectroscopy. Accuracies are on the order of 15 to 40%. The detection technique applied here is verified by examining weak but known signatures of CFC-12 and HCFC-22 in the same spectral regions as those of the organic compounds, with results confirming the quality of both the instrument and the radiative transfer model. The results suggest the possibility of global sensing of the organic compounds studied here which would be a major step forward in verifying and interpreting global tropospheric model calculations.

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Section: The Mipas-b2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Mipas-b2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 balloon instrument

et al. 2007

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“…Full circles: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's far-infrared data by Johnson et al (2001a). Stars: Balloon-borne MIPAS data inside the Arctic vortex at 68 • N (Stowasser et al, 1999 Hanson and Robinson (1989). More recent in situ measurements indicated higher values of 1.94±0.27 (Dessler et al, 1994) 1996), 1.973±0.003 (Hurst et al, 1999), and 1.975±0.030 (Zöger et al, 1999) Yang and Tung (1996), other numbers are model results.…”

Section: 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They all reveal strong depletions of δD(H 2 O) with respect to V-SMOW which significantly decrease with altitude, from about -(660 ± 80)‰ at the tropical tropopause (Moyer et al, 1996;Johnson et al, 2001;Kuang et al, 2003;McCarthy et al, 2004) to typically -(450 ± 70)‰ at 40 km. Observations by Stowasser et al (1999) showed extreme δD(H 2 O) depletions as low as -830‰ at 17 km inside the Arctic vortex, which was attributed to condensation and subsequent sedimentation of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles. For δ 17 O(H 2 O) and δ 18 O(H 2 O), most studies report values between 0 and -100‰ and a weak vertical increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johnson et al (2001a) applied a simple photochemical model with many simplifications, but inferred excellent agreement with own δD(H 2 O) and δ 18 O(H 2 O) balloon-borne observations conducted between 1989 and 1997. The major difference of the present model study compared to earlier work is first that all three stable isotope signatures δD(H 2 O), δ 17 O(H 2 O), and δ 18 O(H 2 O) both in the stratosphere as well as in the mesosphere are combined, and second that a large number of isotope exchange reactions and all isotope fractionation coefficients measured so far are considered. Special emphasis is put on the specific pathways of D, (i) Most stable isotope H 2 O data were collected using remote-sensing infrared spectroscopy techniques (Abbas et al, 1987;Carli and Park, 1988;Guo et al, 1989;Dinelli et al, 1991Rinsland et al, 1984Rinsland et al, , 1991Stowasser et al, 1999;Johnson et al, 2001;Kuang et al, 2003). They all reveal strong depletions of δD(H 2 O) with respect to V-SMOW which significantly decrease with altitude, from about -(660 ± 80)‰ at the tropical tropopause (Moyer et al, 1996;Johnson et al, 2001;Kuang et al, 2003;McCarthy et al, 2004) to typically -(450 ± 70)‰ at 40 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the budget of middle atmospheric water vapour isotopes

Zahn¹,

Franz

Bechtel

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A one-dimensional chemistry model is applied to study the stable hydrogen (D) and stable oxygen isotope ( 17 O, 18 O) composition of water vapour in stratosphere and mesosphere. In the troposphere, this isotope composition is determined by "physical" fractionation effects, that are phase changes (e.g. during cloud formation), diffusion processes (e.g. during evaporation from the ocean), and mixing of air masses. Due to these processes water vapour entering the stratosphere first shows isotope depletions in D/H relative to ocean water, which are ∼5 times of those in 18 In the stratosphere the known mass-independent fractionation (MIF) signal in O 3 is in a first step transferred to the NO x family and only in a second step to HO x and H 2 O. In contrast to CO 2 , O( 1 D) only plays a minor role in this MIF transfer. The major uncertainty in our calculation arises from poorly quantified isotope exchange reaction rate coefficients and kinetic isotope fractionation factors.

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Global satellite measurements of HDO and implications for understanding the transport of water vapour into the stratosphere

Payne

Noone

Dudhia

et al. 2007

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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ABSTRACT:The deuterium content of water vapour in a given air mass is sensitive to its temperature and condensation history. Isotopic measurements therefore have the potential to shed light on the transport of air and water vapour into the stratosphere. Previous measurements of the isotopic composition in the upper troposphere and stratosphere have been sparse in terms of both spatial and temporal coverage. Presented here are retrievals of the deuterium content of water vapour (HDO or δD) from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) satellite instrument. These retrievals offer the first global scale coverage of the isotopic composition of water vapour in this altitude region and span a time period of almost two years. The spatial coverage and the time span of the dataset offer previously unattainable insight into the mean seasonal and spatial distributions of the isotopic composition of water vapour in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Measurements of HDO are extremely challenging due to low sensitivity in the spectra at low temperatures and water vapour amounts. Nonetheless, the data show a number of interesting results. Zonal mean profiles show the greatest depletion in δD in the tropical upper troposphere, with decreasing depletion with altitude in the stratosphere due to the influence of methane oxidation. Seasonal zonal means also show a strong depletion in the southern polar spring at around 300 mbar, which is thought to be related to the occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds and dehydration events in the polar vortex. Geographically, the regions and time periods where the greatest depletions are observed in the tropical upper troposphere are those associated with strong convective activity. Results confirm that temporal variability is central to the transport of water vapour into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and stratosphere. The data presented here show an annual cycle in δD in the TTL which is tied to temperature and suggests that this signature propagates upwards into the stratosphere. The data also show a number of points where extremely dry air is associated with relatively enriched δD values. We postulate that these points are evidence of ice lofting.

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Simultaneous measurements of HDO, H₂O, and CH₄ with MIPAS‐B: Hydrogen budget and indication of dehydration inside the polar vortex

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 balloon instrument

Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 balloon instrument

Modelling the budget of middle atmospheric water vapour isotopes

Global satellite measurements of HDO and implications for understanding the transport of water vapour into the stratosphere

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Simultaneous measurements of HDO, H2O, and CH4 with MIPAS‐B: Hydrogen budget and indication of dehydration inside the polar vortex

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 balloon instrument

Detection of organic compound signatures in infra-red, limb emission spectra observed by the MIPAS-B2 balloon instrument

Modelling the budget of middle atmospheric water vapour isotopes

Global satellite measurements of HDO and implications for understanding the transport of water vapour into the stratosphere

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Simultaneous measurements of HDO, H₂O, and CH₄ with MIPAS‐B: Hydrogen budget and indication of dehydration inside the polar vortex