Simultaneous Nondestructive Analysis of Palladium, Rhodium, Platinum, and Gold Nanoparticles Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Fiedler, Haidi D.; Drinkel, Emma; Orzechovicz, Beatriz; Leopoldino, Elder C.; Souza, Franciane Dutra de; Almerindo, Gizelle I.; Perdona, Cristian; Nome, Faruk

doi:10.1021/ac402419r

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The prospective income and ability to further process the catalyst batch all depend on precise and accurate measurement of the palladium, platinum, and rhodium levels. Since there are no norms for elemental content in spent catalysts, the most popular technique is XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) which is simple and easy to operate [4][5][6] . In performing routine tests, there is no need for specialised personnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of selected elements in catalytic converters using Icp-Ms and microwave digestion

et al. 2021

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Fuels combustion, polluting the atmosphere is a side effect of an engines’ work. ncreasing ecological awareness has led to constant pursuit of disposing harmful substances properly. Catalytic converters (car catalysts), containing precious metals from the platinum group, including palladium, platinum and rhodium, have been commonly adopted for this purpose. These critical elements can be found in many raw materials used frequently throughout the economy. Therefore, it is economically viable to retrieve these elements from, among the others, spent catalysts, so they can be reused to manufacture new converters. In order to determine a possible cost of spent car catalyst, it is essential to use the analytical techniques to determine elemental content in any given sample. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is an example of such a technique. It is nevertheless advisable to use a complementary procedure to confirm any results obtained. A cross-verification technique was developed using inductively coupled plasma mass pectrometry (ICP-MS). This procedure was verified using comparative studies, which confirmed its usefulness and correctness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of selected elements in catalytic converters using Icp-Ms and microwave digestion

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, EDXRF is not commonly used for quantitative analysis of nutrients and metals in plant tissues containing NPs. It has been recently employed for CuO and TiO 2 NP characterization, simultaneous analysis of Pd, Rh, Pt, and Au NP catalysts, Au NP detection in tumors, and nano‐ZnO solubility evaluation . The Achilles' heel of EDXRF compared with ICP‐MS, ICP‐OES, and ET‐AAS lies on its LOD (in orders of tens milligram of metal per kilogram of plant tissue, in the case of direct analysis of ground tissue), which are at least one order of magnitude higher than those exhibited by other spectrochemical techniques, regarding the metal concentration in the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EDXRF for elemental determination of nanoparticle‐related agricultural samples

et al. 2019

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The number of studies dealing with nanoparticles (NPs) and plants has increased. They subsidize the advances of agriculture in the 21st century; however, so far, beneficial as well as detrimental results have been reported. In this context, analytical tools for monitoring macronutrients and micronutrients in plants exposed to NPs, with adequate performance and low cost, are required. This work assesses the use of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry for elemental content evaluation in NP‐containing agricultural samples. For Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) seedlings treated with ZnO NP, CuO NP, and Fe3O4 NP, the limits of detection (LODs) were 0.4 mg kg−1 for Zn and Cu and 0.6 mg kg−1 for Fe after dry‐ashing digestion, thus being suitable for NP oxide monitoring in seed priming. For submicron suspension fertilizers, Mn, Cu, and Zn were quantified as thin films after sample dilution. The LODs for Mn, Cu, and Zn were 0.09, 0.1, and 0.08 mg L−1, respectively. Finally, for P. vulgaris plants exposed to 300‐nm ZnO NP, we monitored P, S, K, Ca, and Zn directly in powdered leaves, whose LODs ranged from 1.3 to 27 mg kg−1. No critical spectral interference was observed, and notable repeatability and suitable trueness were found in the cases of studies. EDXRF revealed itself a simple, fast, and reliable alternative to evaluate the elemental content in suspensions or the uptake of NP by plants.

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“…The technique is based in the properties of the atoms to emit characteristic X‐ray when it is irradiated. Because the characteristic X‐ray has a unique set of energies for each element, the element in the sample can be identified …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the structural characteristics and the fading effects of image plates

et al. 2019

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The photostimulated luminescence (PSL) is the basis for the digital image formation of image plates (IPs). However, the PSL decreases exponentially with the increasing of the elapsed time between the exposure and the IP scanning (t), and consequently, there is a fading of the digital image. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between IPs physical structure and elemental composition with the fading behavior. Three different types of IPs, with distinct resolutions, were analyzed. The fading behavior with the time, t, has been measured and correlated with their physical structure. Furthermore, micro X‐ray fluorescence (μXRF) analysis was used to provide information on the elemental composition of this layer. The results showed that standard resolution plate have larger grains, thicker sensitive layer, and generate a bigger effect of image fading. The μXRF technique showed that, to compensate the low emission, the high‐resolution IP has a higher concentration of Br and Sr.

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Simultaneous Nondestructive Analysis of Palladium, Rhodium, Platinum, and Gold Nanoparticles Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

Determination of selected elements in catalytic converters using Icp-Ms and microwave digestion

Determination of selected elements in catalytic converters using Icp-Ms and microwave digestion

EDXRF for elemental determination of nanoparticle‐related agricultural samples

Evaluation of the structural characteristics and the fading effects of image plates

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