Simultaneous observations of optical lightning from space and LF band lightning waveforms from the ground

Kikuchi, Hiroshi; Sato, Mitsuteru; Ushio, Tomoo; Morimoto, Takeshi; Kikuchi, Masayuki; Yamazaki, Atsushi; Ishida, Ryôhei; Sakamoto, Yuji; Wu, Ting; Kawasaki, Zen

doi:10.1002/2016gl071783

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The deviation is likely caused by the attenuation of thunderclouds. This correlation is also observed in "normal" lightning 46,47 . Kikuchi et al 47 examined the relationship between the photometer (PH4) at wavelengths of 599-900 nm and electromagnetic waveforms in the LF band for 11 negative cloud-toground (CG) strokes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…This correlation is also observed in "normal" lightning 46,47 . Kikuchi et al 47 examined the relationship between the photometer (PH4) at wavelengths of 599-900 nm and electromagnetic waveforms in the LF band for 11 negative cloud-toground (CG) strokes. They also found a linear correlation between the absolute optical intensity and the peak current.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

Liu

Neubert

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are signatures in radio signals from thunderstorms observed by ground-based receivers. NBEs may occur at the onset of lightning, but the discharge process is not well understood. Here, we present spectral measurements by the Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station that are associated with nine negative and three positive NBEs observed by a ground‐based array of receivers. We found that both polarities NBEs are associated with emissions at 337 nm with weak or no detectable emissions at 777.4 nm, suggesting that NBEs are associated with streamer breakdown. The rise times of the emissions for negative NBEs are about 10 μs, consistent with source locations at cloud tops where photons undergo little scattering by cloud particles, and for positive NBEs are ~1 ms, consistent with locations deeper in the clouds. For negative NBEs, the emission strength is almost linearly correlated with the peak current of the associated NBEs. Our findings suggest that ground-based observations of radio signals provide a new means to measure the occurrences and strength of cloud-top discharges near the tropopause.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

Liu

Neubert

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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“…Our range of observed peak current is also slightly larger, between

3\,\mathtt{k}\mathtt{A}

and more than

100\,\mathtt{k}\mathtt{A}

, instead of a range 4.5 to

49.9\,\mathtt{k}\mathtt{A}

for Depasse (1994). The observed correlation for typical CGs is also coherent with reported correlations between the peak current and optical power measured either from the ground for triggered (Idone & Orville, 1985) and natural (Quick & Krider, 2013) lightning in the range

[1-40]\,\mathtt{k}\mathtt{A}

, or from space (Kikuchi et al., 2017) in the range

[7-88]\,\mathtt{k}\mathtt{A}

. However, I max parameter alone cannot be sufficient to explain all observations, and in particular the deviations from the fit.…”

Section: Correlation Between Acoustical and Electrical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 79%

Acoustical Power of Lightning Flashes

Bestard,

Coulouvrat,

Farges

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Lightning is a ubiquitous source of infrasound. To study lightning flashes, thunder measurement efficiently complements electromagnetic observation. Using acoustical arrays, time delays between sensors inform on the direction of sound arrival, while the difference between emission time and sound arrival provides the source distance. Combining the two allows a geometrical reconstruction of individual lightning flashes, each viewed as a set of sound point sources. The measured sound amplitude can also be back‐propagated, compensating for absorption and density stratification. This allows to evaluate the acoustical power of each detected source, and the total power of an individual flash. This methodology is carried out to analyze data from two campaigns in Southern continental France (HyMeX‐SOP1, 2012) and in Corsica (EXAEDRE, 2018). Acoustic reconstruction is compared with ground and altitude localizations provided respectively by electromagnetic low frequency range Lightning Location Systems (LLS), and very high frequency range Lightning Mapping Array (LMA). In Corsica, power from reconstructed sources is also forward‐propagated towards several isolated microphones, and compared to measured signal, giving an additional validation of the power evaluation. Seventy eight events from the two campaigns are analyzed, including negative and positive cloud‐to‐ground discharges and intracloud ones. The analysis outlines the method efficiency and the strong variability of lightning as sound sources in terms of both power spatial distribution and overall value. Lastly, the correlation of this later with electrical parameters is investigated, either peak current (provided by LLS) or Charge Moment Change, resulting from broadband Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) measurements.

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“…This correlation is also observed in "normal" lightning 43,44 . Kikuchi et al 44 examined the relationship between the photometer (PH4) at wavelengths of 599-900 nm and electromagnetic waveforms in the LF band for 11 negative cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes. They also found a linear correlation between the absolute optical intensity and the peak current.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Blue emissions usually occur in the strong thunderstorms with overshooting tops penetrating into the lower stratosphere 20,21,45,46 . Such discharges (that can be precursors of blue jets) can affect the exchange of greenhouse gases between the troposphere and stratosphere through the production of nitrous oxide, and the depletion of stratospheric ozone 24,44,48,49 . However, this region of atmosphere is difficult to access experimentally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events in radio signals from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

Liu¹,

Lu²,

Neubert³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are signatures in radio signals from thunderstorms observed by ground-based receivers. They are electromagnetic waves radiated by impulsive currents of electrical discharges. They come with two polarities, the positive that brings negative charge aloft, and the negative, that brings negative charge towards the earth. The sources of negative NBEs are at the very top of thunderclouds, and positive NBEs are at the upper levels, but inside the clouds. NBEs may occur at the onset of lightning, but the discharge process is not well understood. Here, we present spectral measurements by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station that are associated with nine negative and three positive NBEs observed by a ground‐based array of receivers at the closest distance of about 100 km. We found that both negative and positive NBEs are associated with emissions at 337 nm with weak or no detectable emissions at 777.4 nm, suggesting that NBEs are associated with fast streamer breakdown. The rise times of the emissions for negative NBEs are about 10 µs, consistent with source locations at cloud tops where photons undergo little scattering by cloud particles, and for positive NBEs are ~ 1 ms, consistent with locations deeper in the clouds. For negative NBEs, the amplitude of the emissions is almost linearly correlated with the peak current of the associated NBEs. Our findings suggest that ground-based observations of radio signals provide a new means to measure the occurrences and strength of cloud-top discharges with implications for studies of perturbations of greenhouse gas concentrations at the tropopause.

show abstract

Simultaneous observations of optical lightning from space and LF band lightning waveforms from the ground

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

Acoustical Power of Lightning Flashes

Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events in radio signals from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

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