Simultaneous on-line size and chemical analysis of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke

Adam, Thomas; McAughey, John; McGrath, Conor; Mocker, Christoph; Zimmermann, Ralf

doi:10.1007/s00216-009-2784-y

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Conversely, spectral transmission measurements made in the undiluted state yielded particle count median diameters ranging from 210-390 nm and particle number concentrations were in the 10 9 particles/cm 3 range. These values are comparable to those of tobacco burning cigarette smoke (12,(15)(16)(17). Furthermore, aerosol mass calculated from these parameters was generally consistent with filtercollected gravimetric mass.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Particle Size Distribution of E-Cigarette Aerosols and the Relationship to Cambridge Filter Pad Collection Efficiency

Alderman¹,

Song²,

Moldoveanu³

et al. 2015

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung / Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYThe relatively volatile nature of the particulate matter fraction of e-cigarette aerosols presents an experimental challenge with regard to particle size distribution measurements. This is particularly true for instruments requiring a high degree of aerosol dilution. This was illustrated in a previous study, where average particle diameters in the 10-50 nm range were determined by a high-dilution, electrical mobility method. Total particulate matter (TPM) masses calculated based on those diameters were orders of magnitude smaller than gravimetrically determined TPM. This discrepancy was believed to result from almost complete particle evaporation at the dilution levels of the electrical mobility analysis. The same study described a spectral transmission measurement of e-cigarette particle size in an undiluted state, and reported particles from 210-380 nm count median diameter. Observed particle number concentrations were in the 10 9 particles/cm 3 range. Additional particle size measurements described here also found e-cigarette particle size to be in the 260-320 nm count median diameter range. Cambridge filter pads have been used for decades to determine TPM yields of tobacco burning cigarettes, and collection of e-cigarette TPM by fibrous filters is predicted to be a highly efficient process over a wide range of filtration flow rates. The results presented in this work provide support for this hypothesis.Described here is a study in which e-cigarette aerosols were collected on Cambridge filters with adsorbent traps placed downstream in an effort to capture any material passing through the filter. Amounts of glycerin, propylene glycol, nicotine, and water were quantified on the filter and downstream trap. Glycerin, propylene glycol, and nicotine were effciently captured (> 98%) by the upstream Cambridge filter, and a correlation was observed between filtration efficiency and the partial vapor pressure of each component. The present analysis was largely inconclusive with regard to filter efficiency and particle-vapor partitioning of water. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 183-190] KEYWORDS: Electronic cigarette, aerosol, particle size, filtration efficiency ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die relativ flüchtige Natur der Partikelfraktion von EZigaretten-Aerosol stellt hinsichtlich der Messungen zur Partikelgrößenverteilung eine experimentelle Herausforderung dar. Dies gilt im besonderen Maße für Geräte, die einen hohen Grad der Aerosolverdünnung erfordern. Dies wurde in einer vorangegangenen Studie dargestellt, in der die mittleren Partikeldurchmesser im Bereich von RESUMELa nature relativement volatile de la fraction de matière particulaire dans les aérosols de cigarettes électroniques représente un défi expérimental concernant les méthodes pour mesurer la distribution des tailles de ces particules. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les instruments nécessitant un haut degré de dilution des aérosols. Ceci a été illustré dans une étude précédente, où une méthode de mobilité électrique à dilution élevée a permis de...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Particle Size Distribution of E-Cigarette Aerosols and the Relationship to Cambridge Filter Pad Collection Efficiency

Alderman¹,

Song²,

Moldoveanu³

et al. 2015

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung / Contributions to Tobacco Research

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“…Excluding the nonfiltered product, per puff minimum and maximum number concentrations compiled in Table S1 range between 1.7 × 10 9 particles cm −3 and 10.2 × 10 9 particles cm −3 . Adam et al (2009) reported that MSS particle size is well represented by a log-normal distribution and this was observed to be the case for all measurements in the current study. No clear trends in GSD as a function of puff number were apparent within data, with the exception that the first puff GSD values were generally in the lower end of the observed range (1.39-1.42).…”

Section: Particle Size and Concentration Variability Under A Fixed Smsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…More recently, Adam et al (2009) used a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS500) manufactured by Cambustion Ltd. (Cambridge, UK) with a matter engineering smoking engine to measure the smoke PSDs produced by research cigarettes having a range of filter ventilation levels smoked under two puffing regimens. They reported count median diameters (CMD) ranging from 180-nm to 280-nm electric mobility diameter and particle number concentrations ranging from 1.4 × 10 9 particles cm −3 to 1.5 × 10 10 particles cm −3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particle Size Distributions from Commercial Cigarettes Using a DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer and Smoking Cycle Simulator

Alderman

Ingebrethsen

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particle size distribution and number concentration measurements of mainstream cigarette smoke are reported for commercial cigarettes encompassing a broad range of design parameters. Measurements were made using a Cambustion DMS500 fast particulate spectrometer. Twenty-nine brand styles were evaluated using a 60-mL puff of 2-s duration taken once every 30 s. A subset of cigarettes was evaluated using additional smoking regimens to explore the influence of puff volume and filter ventilation blocking. The DMS500-derived particulate matter mass was compared with filter-collected mass to assess the reliability of the aerosol measurements. Under the 60-mL/2-s puffing condition, all puffs for all products were observed to exhibit count median diameters between 145 nm and 189 nm. Measured particle size was 12-22 nm smaller for a 60-mL puff relative to a 35-mL puff. Partial or complete filter ventilation blocking under the 60-mL/2-s puffing condition had a small effect on particle size. Some trends in particle size as a function of puff number and smoking regimen appear consistent with a tobacco-rod residence time/coagulation hypothesis; however, other observations suggest that smoke formation processes in addition to coagulation influence particle size. The DMS500 underestimates smoke particulate mass relative to gravimetric filter collection, indicating evaporation of cigarette smoke particulate matter within the instrument. Approximately 75% of the evaporated mass can be attributed to particulate phase water. Some data also suggest a possible underestimation of number concentration. This introduces a significant confounding bias in the measurements and limits the information on smoke formation that can be extracted.

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“…The generated ions of the sampled gas were extracted into the flight tube of a reflectron TOFMS (Kaesdorf Instrumente für Forschung und Industrie, Munich, Germany). Two PC cards (Aquiris, Switzerland, 250 MHz, 1 GS/s, 128 kb) recorded the resulting mass spectra in a linear range covering five orders of magnitude [39]. The mass range was set from m/z 10 to 380.…”

Section: Spi Mass Spectrometry and Data Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking into individual coffee beans during the roasting process: direct micro-probe sampling on-line photo-ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of coffee roasting gases

et al. 2013

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A micro-probe (μ-probe) gas sampling device for on-line analysis of gases evolving in confined, small objects by single-photon ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) was developed. The technique is applied for the first time in a feasibility study to record the formation of volatile and flavour compounds during the roasting process within (inside) or in the direct vicinity (outside) of individual coffee beans. A real-time on-line analysis of evolving volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOC and SVOC) as they are formed under the mild pyrolytic conditions of the roasting process was performed. The soft-ionisation mass spectra depict a molecular ion signature, which is well corresponding with the existing knowledge of coffee roasting and evolving compounds. Additionally, thereby it is possible to discriminate between Coffea arabica (Arabica) and Coffea canephora (Robusta). The recognized differences in the roasting gas profiles reflect the differences in the precursor composition of the coffee cultivars very well. Furthermore, a well-known set of marker compounds for Arabica and Robusta, namely the lipids kahweol and cafestol (detected in their dehydrated form at m/z 296 and m/z 298, respectively) were observed. If the variation in time of different compounds is observed, distinctly different evolution behaviours were detected. Here, phenol (m/z 94) and caffeine (m/z 194) are exemplary chosen, whereas phenol shows very sharp emission peaks, caffeine do not have this highly transient behaviour. Finally, the changes of the chemical signature as a function of the roasting time, the influence of sampling position (inside, outside) and cultivar (Arabica, Robusta) is investigated by multivariate statistics (PCA). In summary, this pilot study demonstrates the high potential of the measurement technique to enhance the fundamental knowledge of the formation processes of volatile and semi-volatile flavour compounds inside the individual coffee bean.

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Simultaneous on-line size and chemical analysis of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

Particle Size Distribution of E-Cigarette Aerosols and the Relationship to Cambridge Filter Pad Collection Efficiency

Particle Size Distribution of E-Cigarette Aerosols and the Relationship to Cambridge Filter Pad Collection Efficiency

Characterization of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particle Size Distributions from Commercial Cigarettes Using a DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer and Smoking Cycle Simulator

Looking into individual coffee beans during the roasting process: direct micro-probe sampling on-line photo-ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of coffee roasting gases

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