Simultaneous quantification of fifty-one odor-causing compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Wang, Chunmiao; Guo, Qingyuan; Zhao, Yu; Cao, Nan; Yu, Zefen; Yang, Min

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2018.11.008

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Water samples (500 mL) underwent liquid−liquid extraction (LLE) with dichloromethane by a preconcentration factor of 1000, and then, the odorants were analyzed by triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC−MS/MS) analysis; the procedure was described in a previous study. 30 To track the efficiency of extraction and recovery, prior to LLE, internal standards including 1,4-dioxane-d 8 , dimethyl disulfide-d 6 , benzaldehyded 6 , and o-cresol-3,4,5,6-d 4 were added to each water sample, resulting in concentrations of 50, 5, 40, and 50 ng/L, respectively. Analyses were performed on a GCMS-TQ8040 (Shimadzu Co., Japan) equipped with a VF-624 ms column (length, 60 m; diameter, 0.32 mm; thickness, 1.8 μm; Agilent Technologies, USA).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Analytics Determines Co-occurrence of Odorants in Raw Water and Evaluates Drinking Water Treatment Removal Strategies

Wang

Gallagher

Dietrich

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A complex dataset with 140 sampling events was generated using triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometer to track the occurrence of 95 odorants in raw and finished water from 98 drinking water treatment plants in 31 cities across China. Data analysis identified more than 70 odorants with concentrations ranging from not detected to thousands of ng/L. In raw water, Pearson correlation analysis determined that thioethers, non-oxygen benzene-containing compounds, and pyrazines were classes of chemicals that co-occurred, and geosmin and p(m)-cresol, as well as cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde, also co-occurred, indicating similar natural or industrial sources. Based on classification and regression tree analysis, total dissolved organic carbon and geographical location were identified as major factors affecting the occurrence of thioethers. Indoles, phenols, and thioethers were well-removed through conventional and advanced treatment processes, while some aldehydes could be generated. For other odorants, higher removal was achieved by ozonation-biological activated carbon (39.3%) compared to the conventional treatment process (14.5%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically identify the major odorants in raw water and determine suitable treatment strategies to control their occurrence by applying data analytics and statistical methods to the complex dataset. These provide informative reference for odor control and water quality management in drinking water industry.

show abstract

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Analytics Determines Co-occurrence of Odorants in Raw Water and Evaluates Drinking Water Treatment Removal Strategies

Wang

Gallagher

Dietrich

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flavor pro le analysis (FPA) evaluated the odor characteristics. Also, the pre-concentration of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and the instrumental analyses, including GC/MS/MS, GC/O, and GC/GC, was accomplished (Guo et al 2016b;Wang et al 2019a). The previous study considered the effect of collecting and transporting water samples on odorants' variation based on speci c measures, including amber glass bottles, insulated boxes, ice bags, etc., to prevent the change in water quality.…”

Section: Sampling and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), especially with olfactory port (GC/O), identi es the odorants in the water matrix (Yu et al 2009;Guo et al 2019b). Recently, with rapid development in analytical technologies, the advanced chromatography and the detectors, including comprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography (GC/GC) with more separating power, time of ight mass spectrometry with more sensitivity, and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with high-resolution ratio, are used to identify and determine indiscernible odorants in complex odor events (Adahchour et al 2008;Guo et al 2016b; Wang et al 2019a). Mainly, the combination of the above technologies is a valuable and practical way to identify complex odorants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications for emergency response to the severe odor incident occurred in source water: Potential odorants and control strategy

Guo

Chen

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures effectively, it is necessary to identify the target compounds responsible for odor incidents rapidly. The present work identi ed the odorants and explored emergency disposal mechanisms for sudden and severe odors in the QT River's drinking water source (HZ city, China). Medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors with strong intensities were detected in the source water. The effect of conventional treatments of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on odors' removal was limited, which was evident by the presence of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors with moderate intensities in the e uent of DWTP. Total seventeen odorants were identi ed successfully in the source water of QT River and the e uent of DWTP. The measured OAVs and reconstituting the identi ed odorants explained 87%, 87%, 89%, and 94% of medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors, respectively, in the source water of the QT River and 90%, 87%, and 88% of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors in the e uent. Styrene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-tertbutylphenol, and 2-methylphenol were associated with the medicinal odor, while propyl sul de, diethyl disul de, propyl disul de, and indole were related to the septic odor. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) were responsible for the musty odor, and cyclohexanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene were involved with the chemical odor. Based on the characteristics of identi ed odorants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to control the odors in the QT River. The results indicated that the medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors could be removed entirely after adding 15 mg/L PAC, which effectively controlled emergency odor problems. Overall, the study would offer a scienti c basis and operational reference for emergency odor management and control in DWTP with similar complicated odor incidents.

show abstract

“…Odorants' analyses by GC-O, GC/GC, and GC/MS/MS The GC/O and GC/GC analysis identi ed the odorants in source water and e uent of DWTP with QT River as a water source (Guo et al 2016b). The GC/MS/MS performed the odorant's quantitative analysis (Wang et al 2019a). Odor activity value (OAV) and reconstitution test evaluated and con rmed the detected odorants' contributions to the whole odor pro le (Benkwitz et al 2012).…”

Section: Sensory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications for Emergency Response to the Severe Odor Incident Occurred in Source Water: Potential Odorants and Control Strategy

Guo

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures effectively, it is necessary to identify the target compounds responsible for odor incidents rapidly. The present work identified the odorants and explored emergency disposal mechanisms for sudden and severe odors in the QT River's drinking water source (HZ city, China). Medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors with strong intensities were detected in the source water. The effect of conventional treatments of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on odors' removal was limited, which was evident by the presence of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors with moderate intensities in the effluent of DWTP. Total seventeen odorants were identified successfully in the source water of QT River and the effluent of DWTP. The measured OAVs and reconstituting the identified odorants explained 87%, 87%, 89%, and 94% of medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors, respectively, in the source water of the QT River and 90%, 87%, and 88% of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors in the effluent. Styrene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-tert-butylphenol, and 2-methylphenol were associated with the medicinal odor, while propyl sulfide, diethyl disulfide, propyl disulfide, and indole were related to the septic odor. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) were responsible for the musty odor, and cyclohexanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene were involved with the chemical odor. Based on the characteristics of identified odorants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to control the odors in the QT River. The results indicated that the medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors could be removed entirely after adding 15 mg/L PAC, which effectively controlled emergency odor problems. Overall, the study would offer a scientific basis and operational reference for emergency odor management and control in DWTP with similar complicated odor incidents.

show abstract

Simultaneous quantification of fifty-one odor-causing compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 33 publications

References 70 publications

Data Analytics Determines Co-occurrence of Odorants in Raw Water and Evaluates Drinking Water Treatment Removal Strategies

Data Analytics Determines Co-occurrence of Odorants in Raw Water and Evaluates Drinking Water Treatment Removal Strategies

Implications for emergency response to the severe odor incident occurred in source water: Potential odorants and control strategy

Implications for Emergency Response to the Severe Odor Incident Occurred in Source Water: Potential Odorants and Control Strategy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About