Simultaneous quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Mississippi river water, in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

• The Yangtze River drains 40% of China's mainland with 400 million inhabitants • Monthly concentrations and annual loads of organic pollutants were determined • Seasonality of loads of PAHs, most pesticides, and antiinfectives were concise • In spite of low concentrations due to high water discharge, pollutant loads are considerable a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Twenty percent of the water run-off from China's land surface drains into the Yangtze River and carries the sewage of approximately 400 million people out to sea. The lower stretch of the Yangtze therefore offers the opportunity to assess the pollutant discharge of a huge population. To establish a comprehensive assessment of micropollutants, river water samples were collected monthly from May 2009 to June 2010 along a crosssection at the lowermost hydrological station of the Yangtze River not influenced by the tide (Datong Station, Anhui province). Following a prescreening of 268 target compounds, we examined the occurrence, seasonal variation, and annual loads of 117 organic micropollutants, including 51 pesticides, 43 pharmaceuticals, 7 household and industrial chemicals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). During the 14-month study, the maximum concentrations of particulate PAHs (1-5 μg/g), pesticides (11-284 ng/L), pharmaceuticals (5-224 ng/L), and household and industrial chemicals (4-430 ng/L) were generally lower than in other Chinese rivers due to the dilution caused of the Yangtze River's average water discharge of approximately 30,000 m 3 /s. The loads of most pesticides, anti-infectives, and PAHs were higher in the wet season compared to the dry season, which was attributed to the increased agricultural application of chemicals in the summer, an elevated water discharge through the sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as a result of high hydraulic loads and the related lower treatment efficiency, and seasonally increased deposition from the atmosphere and runoff from the catchment. The estimated annual load of PAHs in the river accounted for some 4% of the total emission of PAHs in the whole Yangtze Basin. Furthermore, by using sucralose as a tracer for domestic wastewater, we estimate a daily disposal of approximately 47 million m 3 of sewage into the river, corresponding to 1.8% of its average hydraulic load. In summary, the annual amounts flushed by the Yangtze River into the East China Sea were 2.9 × 10 6 tons of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC), 369 tons of PAHs, 98 tons of pesticides, 152 tons of pharmaceuticals, and 273 tons of household and industrial chemicals. While the concentrations seem comparably moderate, the pollutant loads are considerable and pose an increasing burden to the health of the marine coastal ecosystem.

show abstract

“…3), which was higher than the Mississippi River (0-38 ng/L; Zhang et al, 2007) Table S1. Heeb et al, 2012) Yang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Caffeinementioning

confidence: 96%

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Müller

Pernet-Coudrier

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Gros et al (2006) presented a sensitive multi-compound analytical method based on offline SPE (HLB cartridge) followed by LC-ESI-MS/MS for simultaneous analysis of 29 pharmaceuticals in both surface and wastewaters. Zhang et al (2007) described a method for the simultaneous determination of 56 compounds classified as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) with a wide range of polarities using two extraction discs (C-18 and SDB-XC cartridges) in a single extraction step. This was followed by GC/MS in which PAHs and PCBs were analysed directly and PPCPs were analysed after derivatization.…”

Section: (B) Overview Of Current Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, loss of volatile compounds can occur during the evaporation step, but can be minimized by carrying out the evaporation under mild conditions, such as with a gentle stream of nitrogen (Pichon 2000). The reconstitution of dry extracts containing compounds with large differences in solubility can also lead to loss in recovery (Zhang et al 2007). …”

Section: Analytical Challenges (A) Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, one solution is to split samples into two fractions prior to the GC/MS analysis, where one-half is submitted to derivatization for the analysis of polar target compounds and the other is directly analysed by GC (Pietrogrande & Basaglia 2007). For example, Zhang et al (2007) developed a method involving one extraction step, followed by the division of the sample extract into two fractions. Sixteen PAHs and 28 PCBs were analysed by GC/MS with no derivatization and 12 PhACs and PCPs, which were non-volatile and/or thermally unstable, were analysed by GC/MS with derivatization using BSTFA (N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide).…”

Section: (Iii) Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Practical overview of analytical methods for endocrine-disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater

Comerton

Bagley

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The detection of organic micropollutants, such as endocrine-disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, in wastewater and the aquatic environment has brought increasing concern over their potential adverse ecological and human impacts. These compounds are generally present at trace levels (ng l −1 ) and in complex water matrices, such as wastewaters and surface waters, making their analysis difficult. Currently, no standardized analytical methods are available for the analysis of organic micropollutants in environmental waters. Owing to the diversity of physico-chemical properties exhibited by the various classes of organic micropollutants, the majority of established analytical methods described in the literature focus on a specific class of compounds, with few methods applicable to multi-class compound analysis. As such, analytical challenges and limitations contribute to the lack of understanding of the effectiveness of drinking water and wastewater treatment processes to remove organic micropollutants. This paper provides a practical overview of current analytical methods that have been developed for the analysis of multiple classes of organic micropollutants from various water matrices and describes the challenges and limitations associated with the development of these methods.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of pharmaceutical in surface water and wastewater is already published and well documented in European and North American countries [5][6][7][8]. A published research concerning the occurrence of pharmaceutical active compounds in aquatic environments in Southeast Asia countries reviewed by Richardson [9] and indicated has no environment data for the fate and effects have been reported in Southeast Asia before 2005.…”

Section: Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Pollutant of Concern: Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Asia with Particular Preference to Southeast Asia Countries

Hashim

Nasir

Ramlee

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Southeast Asia countries were developing countries, with the rapid development for a better living condition leads to longer life expectancy, which increased total population. It may result in increased the demand of pharmaceutical in domestic use and or in hospital. Although most wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) met the local authority's regulatory requirement, there are still many pharmaceutical compound incompletely removed and discharge to the water stream and enter the environment. Recently many studies and researches have published on the occurrence and source as well as the fate of pharmaceuticals all over the world including Asia. As part of Asia region, Southeast Asia countries (Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Brunei, Cambodia, and Lao PDR) seem has lack of research knowledge and information regarding this emerging pollutant issues compared to developed Asia country as China, Korea and Hong Kong. In this paper, it will review recent studies occurrences (surface and wastewater) on most common pharmaceuticals with several recommendations to overcome and thus summarise the actual situation in Southeast Asia.

show abstract

Simultaneous quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in Mississippi river water, in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

Cited by 247 publications

References 37 publications

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Organic micropollutants in the Yangtze River: Seasonal occurrence and annual loads

Practical overview of analytical methods for endocrine-disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater

Emerging Pollutant of Concern: Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Asia with Particular Preference to Southeast Asia Countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About