Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Amphetamines, Opiates, Ketamine, Cocaine and Metabolites in Human Hair: Application to Forensic Cases of Drug Abuse

Zhuo, Yue; Wang, Xin; Wu, Jingjie; Zhang, Sujing; Deng, Hongxiao; Liu, Wei; Wu, Hejian; Xiang, Ping; Shen, Min

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14179

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The police found a large amount of e-liquid and K powder at the scene. According to the existing method of our forensic toxicology laboratory, the concentration of K powder in the hair was qualitatively and quantitatively determined to be 200 pg/mg (Zhuo et al, 2020 ). The concentrations of 5F-MDMB-PICA detected in the 1–3 and 4–6 cm hair sections were 275 and 1,025 pg/mg, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a New Tert-Leucinate Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA and Its Metabolites in Human Hair: Application to Authentic Cases

Shi¹,

Zhou

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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Methyl 2 -[ [ 1- (5- fluoropentyl) indole - 3- carbonyl] amino] -3, 3- dimethyl - butanoate (5F-MDMB-PICA) is a new synthetic cannabinoid characterized by valinate or tert-leucinate moieties. In recent years, 5F-MDMB-PICA has been abused in the form of “spice-like” herbal incenses or electronic cigarette oil. A UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed to detect 5F-MDMB-PICA and its metabolites in human hair. Approximately 20 mg of hair was weighed and pulverized with methanol below 4°C. After ultrasonication, centrifugation and filtration, 200 μL of supernatant was placed into an autosampler vial and analyzed on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm particle size) using an acetonitrile-20 mmol/L ammonium acetate (0.1% formic acid, 5% acetonitrile) gradient with a run time of 8 min. The limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.5 to 5 pg/mg, and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) ranged from 1 to 5 pg/mg. The method was shown to be linear over a concentration range of 1–200 pg/mg. The linear correlation (R2) of the calibration curves for all analytes was >0.999. The accuracy varied from 95.4 to 107.4%, while the intra- and inter-day precision RSD values were 0.7–10.6% and 1.7–12.2%, respectively. Recoveries were within the range of 61.1–93.3%, and matrix effects were in the range of 19.1–102.6%. The validated method was successfully applied to the identification and quantification of 5F-MDMB-PICA and its metabolites in hair from authentic forensic cases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a New Tert-Leucinate Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA and Its Metabolites in Human Hair: Application to Authentic Cases

Shi¹,

Zhou

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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“…The illegal consumption of illicit drugs causes a series of serious physiological and psychological health problems [1,2]. MAM and MDMA, the prevalent drugs of abuse in China [3], have stimulant effects on central nervous system [4,5]. Ketamine induces the prolonged hallucination and delirium, which result in individual psychological dependence for continuous use [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the concentration ratio of 6-AM to morphine reflects the purity of heroin being used [7,8]. Nowadays, the multiple illicit drugs can be potentially used by drug abusers [3,9]. As a consequence, an assay method for simultaneous identification and quantification of MAM, MDMA, ketamine, heroin, morphine, and 6-AM in bio-samples is required so as to reduce the amount of samples and the cost of analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, hair holds some advantages of broader time-window of detection, non-invasive collection, high stability, and easy transportation and storage [23,24]. Considering the low concentrations of the eight analytes in human hair and the limited amount of hair sample available, an instrument with high sensitivity and selectivity is required to simultaneously determine of steroids and illicit drugs, while liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can satisfy the demand [3,7,[25][26][27]. However, there has been no research reporting simultaneous determination of the two steroids, five illicit drugs, and 6-AM with LC-MS/MS at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol, Cortisone, and Multiple Illicit Drugs in Hair among Female Drug Addicts with LC-MS/MS

Duan

Yang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Long-term dependence of illicit drugs impairs the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the secretion of endogenous steroids, cortisol, and cortisone. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the multiple illicit drugs and two steroids in hair to monitor the status of illicit drug exposure and the physiological and psychological health of drug addicts. The target analytes were extracted from hair by incubation with 1 mL methanol for 24 h at 40 °C and then determined with LC-APCI+-MS/MS. The validated method showed acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the range of 1.25–250 pg/mg for cortisol and cortisone, 2.5–125 pg/mg for heroin, 2.5–1250 pg/mg for ketamine, 2.5–5000 pg/mg for methamphetamine (MAM), 2.5–250 pg/mg for 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), morphine, and 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-AM). Limits of quantification were 1.6, 1.2, 1.6, 1.0, 1.4, 0.3, 2.1, and 1.2 pg/mg for cortisol, cortisone, heroin, ketamine, MAM, MDMA, morphine, and 6-AM, respectively. Method recoveries were from 90–115% for all analytes. Inter-day and intra-day coefficients of variation were within 10%. Finally, this method was successfully applied to detect the aforementioned analytes in hair among female drug addicts who self-reported to be MAM abuser, heroin abuser, ketamine abuser, and abuser of mixture drugs of MAM and heroin. MAM abusers with current MAM use showed significantly higher concentrations of cortisol, MAM, and MDMA than controls with drug withdrawal.

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“…In China, hair has become a new biological matrix for the identification of drug addiction since the Ministry of Public Security issued Amending the Measures for Identification of Drug Addiction in 2017 [11], which clearly stipulated that hair samples should be used for testing, thus providing a scientific basis for law enforcement to identify drug abuse. Compared with blood, urine, saliva or other biological samples, hair samples have the advantages of stability, easy access, and long detection time window, and are considered to be ideal for identifying drug abuse [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Nevertheless, traditional hair pre-treatment methods (acid or alkali hydrolysis) are complicated, time-consuming and often associated with low analyte recovery and cross-contamination [13,[18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of amphetamines, ketamine and their metabolites in hair with high-speed grinding and solid-phase microextraction followed by LC-MS

Meng

Dai²,

Chen

et al. 2020

Forensic Sciences Research

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A novel hair sample pre-treatment method based on high-speed grinding and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) had been applied for the determination of amphetamines, ketamine and their metabolites in hair samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A 20 mg sample of hair was ground with 2 mL of saturated sodium carbonate solution using a high-efficiency hair grinder with 70 Hz oscillation for 2 min at 4 °C. After centrifuging, 1.5 mL of the supernatant was transferred and treated with SPME by direct immersion (DI-SPME). The target analytes extracted by fibre were desorbed and analysed using LC-MS. Under the optimum conditions, a recovery of 90.2%–95.8% was obtained for all analytes. The analytical method was linear for all analytes in the range from 0.2 to 10 ng/mg with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9985 to 0.9993. The detection limits for all analytes were estimated to be 0.067 ng/mg. The accuracy (mean relative error) was within ±6.9% and the precision (relative standard error) was less than 6.8%. The combination of high-speed grinding of hair and SPME had the advantages of being easy to perform, environment-friendly and high in detection sensitivity. The proposed method offered an alternative analytical approach for the sensitive detection of drugs in hair samples for forensic purposes. Key Points The SPME was involved for the determination of drugs in hair with LC-MS. The hair high-speed grinding combined with SPME was firstly developed. Good linearity, sensitivity, recovery and precision were achieved.

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Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Amphetamines, Opiates, Ketamine, Cocaine and Metabolites in Human Hair: Application to Forensic Cases of Drug Abuse

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Detection of a New Tert-Leucinate Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA and Its Metabolites in Human Hair: Application to Authentic Cases

Detection of a New Tert-Leucinate Synthetic Cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PICA and Its Metabolites in Human Hair: Application to Authentic Cases

Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol, Cortisone, and Multiple Illicit Drugs in Hair among Female Drug Addicts with LC-MS/MS

Determination of amphetamines, ketamine and their metabolites in hair with high-speed grinding and solid-phase microextraction followed by LC-MS

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