Simultaneous shifts in elemental stoichiometry and fatty acids of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Emiliania huxleyi&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; in response to environmental changes

Bi, Rong; Ismar, Stefanie M. H.; Sommer, Ulrich; Zhao, Meixun

doi:10.5194/bg-15-1029-2018

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…These factors may explain why, for example, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi grown under different supply ratios of inorganic N:P responded differently at different temperatures (Bi et al, 2018). At a low N:P supply ratio (i.e.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P

Tanioka¹,

Matsumoto²

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The elemental stoichiometry of marine phytoplankton plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle through carbon export. Although extensive laboratory experiments have been carried out over the years to assess the influence of different environmental drivers on the elemental composition of phytoplankton, a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the processes is still lacking. Here, we synthesized the responses of P : C and N : C ratios of marine phytoplankton to five major drivers (phosphate and nitrate, irradiance, temperature, and iron) by meta-analysis of laboratory experimental data available in the literature. Our results show that the response of the ratios to changes in macronutrients is consistent across all the studies, where the nutrient availability is positively related to changes in P : C and N : C ratios. We found that diatoms are more sensitive to the changes in macronutrients compared to other eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, possibly due to their larger cell size and their abilities to quickly regulate their gene expression patterns required for nutrient uptake. The effect of irradiance on P : C was mixed and not significant, but the same effect on N : C was significant and constant across all studies where an increase in irradiance decreased N : C. The response to temperature changes was mixed by species, except warming consistently decreased P : C ratio in cyanobacteria. This may explain why P : C is consistently low in the cyanobacteria-dominated subtropical oceans. The effect of iron on P : C and N : C for cyanobacteria were statistically significant but the small sample size precludes drawing firm conclusions. Overall, our findings highlight the high stoichiometric plasticity of diatoms and the importance of macronutrients in determining P : C and N : C ratios, which both provide us insights on how to understand and model plankton diversity and productivity.

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Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P

Tanioka¹,

Matsumoto²

2019

Preprint

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“…The remaining carbonate parameter pCO2 was calculated from DIC and total alkalinity using CO2SYS (Pierrot et al, 2006) and the constants of Hansson (1973) and Mehrbach et al (1973) that were refitted by Dickson and Millero (1987) (Table S1; Bi et al, 2017Bi et al, , 2018.…”

Section: Sampling and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to visualize the responses of carbon-normalized contents of brassicasterol/epi-brassicasterol and total fatty acids (TFAs) in the three species, and total alkenones in E. huxleyi to the changes of temperature, N:P supply ratios and pCO2. Data for TFAs were from previous studies (Bi et al, 2017(Bi et al, , 2018.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PUFAs have been discussed in detail in previous work (Bi et al, 2017(Bi et al, , 2018). Here we focus on the comparison of sterol and PUFA responses to environmental changes.…”

Section: Implications For Ecology and Biogeochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for many animals and have been applied as nutritional components to study trophic interactions (Kelly and Scheibling, 2012;Dalsgaard et al, 2003;Ruess and Müller-Navarra, 2019;Müller-Navarra et al, 2000;Brett and Müller-Navarra, 1997). The impact of environmental changes on phytoplankton FAs has been well studied, mostly with a focus on the effects of temperature and nutrient changes (reviewed by Guschina and Harwood, 2009;Hixson and Arts, 2016;Galloway and Winder, 2015), while the interplay between different environmental drivers has been recently tested (Bi et al, 2017(Bi et al, , 2018Bermúdez et al, 2015). However, determining how phytoplankton lipids respond to global change still faces substantial challenges, partly because data on other important lipid classes such as sterols and alkenones are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean-related global change alters lipid biomarker production in common marine phytoplankton

Bi¹,

Ismar-Rebitz²,

Sommer³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Global change concurrently alters multiple environmental factors, with uncertain consequences for marine ecosystems. Lipids, in their function as trophic markers in food webs and organic matter source indicators in water column and sediments, provide a tool for reconstructing the complexity of global change effects. It remains unclear how ongoing changes in multiple environmental drivers affect the production of key lipid biomarkers in marine phytoplankton. Here, we tested the responses of sterols, alkenones and fatty acids (FAs) in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the cryptophyte Rhodomonas sp. and the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi under a full-factorial combination of three temperatures (12, 18 and 24 °C), three N : P supply ratios (molar ratios 10 : 1, 24 : 1 and 63 : 1) and two pCO2 levels (560 and 2400 µatm) in semi-continuous culturing experiments. Overall, N and P deficiency had a stronger effect on per-cell contents of sterols, alkenones and FAs than warming and enhanced pCO2. Specifically, P deficiency caused an overall increase in biomarker production in most cases, while N deficiency, warming and high pCO2 caused non-systematic changes. Under future ocean scenarios, we predict an overall decrease in carbon-normalized contents of sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in E. huxleyi and P. tricornutum, and a decrease in sterols but an increase in PUFAs in Rhodomonas sp. Variable contents of lipid biomarkers indicate a diverse carbon allocation between marine phytoplankton species in response to changing environments. Thus, it is necessary to consider the changes in key lipids and their consequences for food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycles, when predicting the influence of global change on marine ecosystems.

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