Simvastatin loaded chitosan guided bone regeneration membranes stimulate bone healing

Abstract

Background and Objective Electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) modified with short‐chain fatty acids have the ability to control the release of simvastatin (SMV), an anti‐cholesterol drug with osteogenic potential, for guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications. This study evaluated in vivo osteogenic effects of rapid short release of SMV (4 weeks) vs long sustained release (8 weeks) from acetic anhydride (AA)—and hexanoic anhydride (HA)‐modified ESCMs, respectively. Methods AA ESCMs loaded with 10 or 50 µg SMV and HA ESCMs loaded with 50 µg SMV were evaluated for biocompatibility and bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks, in 5 mm critical size rat calvarial defects, using histological evaluation and micro‐CT analysis. Results No severe inflammatory response was noticed around the ESCMs. Less hydrophobic AA membranes showed signs of resorption by week 4 and were almost completely resorbed by week 8 whereas the more hydrophobic HA membranes resorbed slowly, remaining intact over 8 weeks. In micro‐CT analysis, 10 µg SMV‐loaded AA membranes did not show significant bone formation as compared to non‐loaded AA membranes at either evaluation time points. 50 µg SMV‐loaded AA membranes stimulated significantly more bone formation than non‐loaded AA membranes by week 4 (%bone = 31.0 ± 5.9% (AA50) vs 18.5 ± 13.7% (AA0)) but showed no difference at week 8. HA membranes with 50 µg SMV showed significantly more bone formation as compared to corresponding non‐loaded membranes by week 8 (%bone = 61.7 ± 8.9% (HA50) vs 33.9 ± 29.7% (HA0)), though such an effect was not significant at week 4. Conclusion These results indicate that modified ESCMs may be used to control the release of SMV and promote bone healing in GBR applications.

Evaluation of Magnesium-Phosphate Particle Incorporation into Co-Electrospun Chitosan-Elastin Membranes for Skin Wound Healing

“…ESCMs were fabricated as previously described [ 28 , 47 , 61 ]. Briefly, a 5.5 ( w/v )% Chitosan (Primex, Siglufjörður, Iceland) (71% DDA, MW = 311.5 kDa) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (TFA/DCM) (7:3) solution and mixed overnight on shaker at room temperature.…”

“…Our past studies have demonstrated electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) are successful in tissue engineering applications for bone regeneration and burn wound treatment [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Because of their biomimetic fibrous structure and potential for drug delivery, these membranes may be further modified to help enhance their bioactivity to support skin healing and re-epithelialization that would lead to improved burn wound healing performance.…”

Chitosan as Bone Scaffold for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review

“…It has unique characteristics that are biocompatible, stable, biodegradable, has antimicrobial, and immunostimulatory properties [8], [9]. Because Hydroxyapatite is an inorganic scaffold biomaterial, while chitosan and gelatin are biodegradable polymers that make good additions to the sturdy HA scaffold [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21].…”

An Asymmetric Microfluidic/Chitosan Device for Sustained Drug Release in Guided Bone Regeneration Applications

“…Loading drugs into the membranes directly or via nanoparticles can efficiently inhibit bacterial proliferation [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Chang et al [ 23 ] developed gelatin/hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel membranes loaded with hinokitiol.…”