Single atom imaging with an sCMOS camera

Picken, Craig; Legaie, Remy; Pritchard, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1063/1.5003304

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The quantity P b→d is important because it sets an upper bound on the size of the atom array that can be filled without defects (N max ≈ 1/P b→d ), since atoms must survive the initial image (additional contributions arise from the rearrangement process itself [12,14]). Our value, P b→d = 4.5(3) × 10 −3 (N max ≈ 220), is comparable to the lowest directly measured quantity reported in the literature, despite our use of a narrow transition for imaging (previously, values around 0.006-0.01 have been reported [12,37]). Two factors may contribute to this surprising result.…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

“…First, the intrinsic low Doppler temperature allows imaging close to saturation, so the count rates we observe are only a factor of 2-4 lower than those obtained with polarization gradient cooling in Rb in similar traps [12]. Second, our sCMOS camera is nearly shot-noise limited even for small photon numbers, and should theoretically have lower noise than an EMCCD when the photon number per pixel is greater than ≈ 5 [37].…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

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Narrow-Line Cooling and Imaging of Ytterbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array

et al. 2019

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Engineering controllable, strongly interacting many-body quantum systems is at the frontier of quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Arrays of laser-cooled neutral atoms in optical tweezers have emerged as a promising platform, because of their flexibility and the potential for strong interactions via Rydberg states. Existing neutral atom array experiments utilize alkali atoms, but alkaline-earth atoms offer many advantages in terms of coherence and control, and also open the door to new applications in precision measurement and timekeeping. In this work, we present a technique to trap individual alkaline-earth-like Ytterbium (Yb) atoms in optical tweezer arrays. The narrow 1 S0 -3 P1 intercombination line is used for both cooling and imaging in a magicwavelength optical tweezer at 532 nm. The low Doppler temperature allows for imaging near the saturation intensity, resulting in a very high atom detection fidelity. We demonstrate the imaging fidelity concretely by observing rare (< 1 in 10 4 images) spontaneous quantum jumps into and out of a metastable state. We also demonstrate stochastic loading of atoms into a two-dimensional, 144site tweezer array. This platform will enable advances in quantum information processing, quantum simulation and precision measurement. The demonstrated narrow-line Doppler imaging may also be applied in tweezer arrays or quantum gas microscopes using other atoms with similar transitions, such as Erbium and Dysprosium.Neutral atom arrays are an emerging platform for quantum simulation and quantum information processing. The use of individual optical tweezers [1] to trap atoms offers unprecedented control for bottom-up assembly of large-scale quantum systems, while interactions and entanglement can be realized through collisions [2], Rydberg states [2-8], optical cavities [9] or the formation of molecules [10]. Crucially, the entropy associated with stochastic loading from a magneto-optical trap can be eliminated using rapid imaging, feedback and rearrangement of the atoms' positions [11], allowing for uniform filling of large 1D [12], 2D [13,14] and 3D [15,16] arrays. In recent years, these systems have been used to probe many-body quantum dynamics [7, 8] engineer multi-qubit gates, and prepare entangled states [2,[4][5][6].All experiments to date involving optical tweezers have utilized alkali atoms, in particular Rb [1,2,4,[12][13][14]16], Cs [6,10,17] and Na [10,17]. However, alkaline earth atoms offer several intriguing advantages [18] including ultra-long coherence for nuclear spins in the J = 0 electronic ground state, a combination of strong and narrow optical transitions for rapid laser cooling to very low temperatures, and metastable shelving states to facilitate high-fidelity qubit readout. Interaction between nuclear spin qubits can be realized using Rydberg states (which feature strong hyperfine coupling in alkaline earth atoms [19,20]) or coherent spin-exchange collisions using the metastable clock state [21][22][23][24]. Furthermore, Rydberg states may...

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confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Narrow-Line Cooling and Imaging of Ytterbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array

et al. 2019

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“…Recently sCMOS cameras have also been investigated [38]. Single-pixel SPADs have the advantage of true photon counting and nanosecond time resolution, making them useful for experiments in quantum optics, but are difficult to scale to large numbers of traps.…”

Section: Avalanche Photodiode Array Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured quantum efficiency at 461 nm is 36(2)% and the signal-to-noise ratio is 1.9 at 461 nm (for 10 incident photons per pixel). Compared to CCD or sCMOS technology (see [38] for a useful comparison), the SPAD array detector has the edge for short exposures and low numbers of detected photons, where EMCCD and sCMOS cameras are limited by readout noise. However, as the exposure time (and number of photons) increases, the higher quantum efficiency and lower dark count rate of EMCCD and sCMOS cameras ultimately wins out.…”

Section: Avalanche Photodiode Array Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Number-resolved imaging of $^{88}$Sr atoms in a long working distance optical tweezer

et al. 2020

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We demonstrate number-resolved detection of individual strontium atoms in a long working distance low numerical aperture (NA = 0.26) tweezer. Using a camera based on single-photon counting technology, we determine the presence of an atom in the tweezer with a fidelity of 0.989(6) (and loss of 0.13(5)) within a 200 µs imaging time. Adding continuous narrow-line Sisyphus cooling yields similar fidelity, at the expense of much longer imaging times (30 ms). Under these conditions we determine whether the tweezer contains zero, one or two atoms, with a fidelity > 0.8 in all cases, with the high readout speed of the camera enabling real-time monitoring of the number of trapped atoms. Lastly we show that the fidelity can be further improved by using a pulsed cooling/imaging scheme that reduces the effect of camera dark noise. arXiv:1904.03233v5 [physics.atom-ph] 31 Jan 2020

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“…If the requirements on the spatial resolution can be relaxed, the atoms can be imaged based on few fluorescence photons [17][18][19]. As a consequence, cooling of the atoms is not required, the spin information can become directly accessible, and, under certain conditions, even * bergschneider@physi.uni-heidelberg.de;;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-resolved single-atom imaging of Li6 in free space

et al. 2018

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We present a versatile imaging scheme for fermionic 6 Li atoms with single-particle sensitivity. Our method works for freely propagating particles and completely eliminates the need for confining potentials during the imaging process. We illuminate individual atoms in free space with resonant light and collect their fluorescence on an electron-multiplying CCD camera using a high-numericalaperture imaging system. We detect approximately 20 photons per atom during an exposure of 20 µs and identify individual atoms with a fidelity of (99.4 ± 0.3) % . By addressing different optical transitions during two exposures in rapid succession, we additionally resolve the hyperfine spin state of each particle. The position uncertainty of the imaging scheme is 4.0 µm, given by the diffusive motion of the particles during the imaging pulse. The absence of confining potentials enables readout procedures, such as the measurement of single-particle momenta in time of flight, which we demonstrate here. Our imaging scheme is technically simple and easily adapted to other atomic species.arXiv:1804.04871v2 [cond-mat.quant-gas]

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Single atom imaging with an sCMOS camera

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Narrow-Line Cooling and Imaging of Ytterbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array

Narrow-Line Cooling and Imaging of Ytterbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array

Number-resolved imaging of $^{88}$Sr atoms in a long working distance optical tweezer

Spin-resolved single-atom imaging of Li6 in free space

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