Single Cell Oil (SCO)–Based Bioactive Compounds: I—Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amides Using SCOs as Acyl Group Donors and Their Biological Activities

El-Baz, Hatim A.; Elazzazy, Ahmed M.; Saleh, Tamer S.; Dritsas, Panagiotis; Mahyoub, Jazem A.; Baeshen, Mohammed N.; Madian, Hekmat R.; Alkhaled, Mohammed; Aggelis, George

doi:10.1007/s12010-020-03450-3

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Some PUFA amides like N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine and N-eicosapentaenoylethanolamine exert immune-modulating effects and inhibit breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo [ 37 ]. Fatty acid amides which derived from oleic acid, palmitic acid, EPA, and DHA can induce cell apoptosis in the SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Extract of Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with Potent Activity against Human Cancer Cells Acts Synergistically with Doxorubicin

Zhu

Han

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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Marine ascidian is becoming one of the main sources of an antitumor drug that has shown high bioactivity and extensive application in cancer treatment. Halocynthia roretzi, an edible marine sea squirt, has been demonstrated to have various kinds of biological activities, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, and enhancing immunity. In this study, we reported that aqueous extracts from the edible parts of H. roretzi presented significantly inhibiting the efficiency on HepG-2 cell viability. The separate mixed compound exhibited strong effects of inhibitory proliferation and induced apoptosis via the generation of ROS along with the concurrent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential on tumor cells. Furthermore, we found that there existed a significantly synergistic effect of the ascidian-extracted compound mixture with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. In the presence of the extracts from H. roretzi, the dose of doxorubicin at the cellular level could be reduced by a half dose. The extracts were further divided by semipreparative-HPLC and the active ingredients were identified as a mixture of fatty amide, which was composed of hexadecanamide, stearamide, and erucamide by UHPLC-MS/MS. Our results suggest that the potential toxicity of ascidian H. roretzi in tumor cells, and the compounds extracted from H. roretzi could be potentially utilized on functional nutraceuticals or as an adjunct in combination with chemotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Extract of Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with Potent Activity against Human Cancer Cells Acts Synergistically with Doxorubicin

Zhu

Han

et al. 2022

Marine Drugs

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“…Microalgae have been used for many years as a feed ingredient in fish and animals [11]. The potential benefits of adding n-3 PUFA-rich microalgae in aqua-and animal-feeds include the enhanced immune function, increased growth rate, and elevated n-3 PUFA contents in meat and other edible products [230,231]. In general, fish is superior to any terrestrial animals for providing n-3 PUFA-rich oil.…”

Section: Feeding Farmed Animals With N-3 Pufa-rich Biomass or Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits, Food Applications, and Sustainability of Microalgae-Derived N-3 PUFA

Liu¹,

Ren²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

Foods

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Today’s consumers are increasingly aware of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA in preventing, delaying, and intervening various diseases, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and many other ailments. The role of n-3 PUFA on aging and cognitive function is also one of the hot topics in basic research, product development, and clinical applications. For decades, n-3 PUFA, especially EPA and DHA, have been supplied by fish oil and seafood. With the continuous increase of global population, awareness about the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, and socioeconomic improvement worldwide, the supply chain is facing increasing challenges of insufficient production. In this regard, microalgae have been well considered as promising sources of n-3 PUFA oil to mitigate the supply shortages. The use of microalgae to produce n-3 PUFA-rich oils has been explored for over two decades and some species have already been used commercially to produce n-3 PUFA, in particular EPA- and/or DHA-rich oils. In addition to n-3 PUFA, microalgae biomass contains many other high value biomolecules, which can be used in food, dietary supplement, pharmaceutical ingredient, and feedstock. The present review covers the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, EPA, and DHA, with particular attention given to the various approaches attempted in the nutritional interventions using EPA and DHA alone or combined with other nutrients and bioactive compounds towards improved health conditions in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. It also covers the applications of microalgae n-3 PUFA in food and dietary supplement sectors and the economic and environmental sustainability of using microalgae as a platform for n-3 PUFA-rich oil production.

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“…In a previous paper [36], we produced FA amides (FAAs) using lipids containing PUFAs as acyl group donors in different percentages and we concluded that FAAs can be used as bioactive compounds in various biological applications depending on their FA composition. The aim of the current paper was to enzymatically synthesize GEs using SCOs as acyl group donors similar to those used in FAA, either in the form of free fatty acids (FFAs) or in the form of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose Fatty Acid Esters Using SCOs as Acyl Group-Donors and Their Biological Activities

et al. 2021

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Sugar fatty acid esters, especially glucose fatty acid esters (GEs), have broad applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, the fatty acid moieties derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids containing single-cell oils (SCOs) ( i.e., those produced from Cunninghamella echinulata, Umbelopsis isabellina and Nannochloropsis gaditana, as well as from olive oil and an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrate) were converted into GEs by enzymatic synthesis, using lipases as biocatalysts. The GE synthesis was monitored using thin-layer chromatography, FTIR and in situ NMR. It was found that GE synthesis carried out using immobilized Candida antarctica B lipase was very effective, reaching total conversion of reactants. It was shown that EPA-GEs were very effective against several pathogenic bacteria and their activity can be attributed to their high EPA content. Furthermore, C. echinulata-GEs were more effective against pathogens compared with U. isabellina-GEs, probably due to the presence of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) in the lipids of C. echinulata, which is known for its antimicrobial activity, in higher concentrations. C. echinulata-GEs also showed strong insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae, followed by EPA-GEs, olive oil-GEs and N. gaditana-GEs. All synthesized GEs induced apoptosis of the SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line, with the apoptotic rate increasing significantly after 48 h. A higher percentage of apoptosis was observed in the cells treated with EPA-GEs, followed by C. echinulata-GEs, U. isabellina-GEs and olive oil-GEs. We conclude that SCOs can be used in the synthesis of GEs with interesting biological properties.

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Single Cell Oil (SCO)–Based Bioactive Compounds: I—Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amides Using SCOs as Acyl Group Donors and Their Biological Activities

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Aqueous Extract of Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with Potent Activity against Human Cancer Cells Acts Synergistically with Doxorubicin

Aqueous Extract of Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with Potent Activity against Human Cancer Cells Acts Synergistically with Doxorubicin

Health Benefits, Food Applications, and Sustainability of Microalgae-Derived N-3 PUFA

Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose Fatty Acid Esters Using SCOs as Acyl Group-Donors and Their Biological Activities

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