Single component phosphamide-based intumescent flame retardant with potential reactivity towards low flammability and smoke epoxy resins

Jian, Rong-Kun; Yuan-fang, AI; Xia, Long; Zhao, Lijing; Zhao, Haibo

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.045

Cited by 190 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is known that a highly efficient flame retardant needs to provide gas source and acid source . Based on the thermal analysis, char residues analysis and pyrolysis behavior of DTPA[AZB], the flame retardant mechanism of DTPA[AZB] was proposed and shown in Figure , and the process was as follows: The flame retardant mechanism of DTPA[AZB]‐containing thermosetting resin materials in the gaseous phase was based on DTPA cracking to produce non‐flammable gases such as CO 2 and NH 3 , which can dilute combustible gases, while the resulting PO and PO 2 radicals capture some active free radicals to achieve quenching effect.…”

Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the range of 40°C to 135°C, the storage modulus of EP/DTPA[AZB] is higher than that of neat EP, indicating that the addition of DTPA[AZB] is beneficial to enhance the stiffness of epoxy thermosets in a certain temperature range. This result can be attributed to the fact that the hydrogen bonding interaction and π‐π effect between DTPA[AZB] and epoxy resin also contribute to the toughness of the material …”

Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And the resin after the ring opening reactions is rich in a hydroxyl groups, leading to abundant hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups and DTPA[AZB] or each other. Meanwhile, the borate bond is a dynamic chemical bond, which makes the π‐π stacking and hydrogen bonding interaction generated by the rigid structure of alizarin tend to be isotropic, thereby exhibiting mechanical reinforcement properties …”

Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that a highly efficient flame retardant needs to provide gas source and acid source. 50 Based on the thermal analysis, char residues analysis and pyrolysis behavior of DTPA[AZB], the flame retardant mechanism of DTPA[AZB] was proposed and shown in Figure 11, and the process was as follows: The flame retardant mechanism of DTPA [AZB]-containing thermosetting resin materials in the gaseous phase was based on DTPA cracking to produce non-flammable gases such as CO 2 and NH 3 , which can dilute combustible gases, while the resulting PO and PO 2 radicals capture some active free radicals to achieve quenching effect. The effect of the flame retardant mechanism in the condensed phase was that the allyl radical generated by DTPA cracking can produce a chain reaction to form carbon, while PO and PO 2 radicals captured active groups and formed poly-phosphoric acid rich in P O P, O P O, so that the OH-rich thermosetting material was dehydrated to carbon under the acidic conditions.…”

Section: Flame Retardant Mechanism Of Dtpa[azb]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result can be attributed to the fact that the hydrogen bonding interaction and π-π effect between DTPA[AZB] and epoxy resin also contribute to the toughness of the material. 17,50 The effects of DTPA[AZB] on the mechanical properties of the modified EP were investigated to illustrate the toughness enhance function of DTPA[AZB] on EP. The tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the EP samples with different content of DTPA[AZB] were tested, and the results were shown in Figure 13 and Table 4.…”

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A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

Tang

Zhou

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a novel nitrogen, phosphorus and boron ionic pair compound (DTPA[AZB]), composed of a protonated flame retardant (DTPA) 6,6'‐(1,4‐phenylenebis((pyrazin‐2‐ylamino)methylene))bis(dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide) and a counter anion alizarin borate (AZB), has been prepared and fully characterized, AZB was synthesized by the reaction of alizarin with boric acid. DTPA was produced in two steps. First, terephthalaldehyde was condensed with aminopyrazine to form the corresponding imine. This was treated with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) to generate DTPA. Blending with DTPA greatly reduced the flammability of epoxy resin. When the amount of DTPA added was 4%, a modified epoxy resin passed the V‐0 rating and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 32.5%. With the introduction of 3% AZB into the EP/DTPA material, the LOI reached 33.5%. Simultaneously, compared with that of neat EP, the peak heat release rate and smoke production rate for EP/DTPA‐4 was decreased by 24.1% and 40.7%, respectively, and the peak heat release rate and smoke production rate for EP/DTPA[AZB]‐3 was decreased by 32.9% and 43.4%, respectively. The results indicate that AZB and DTPA show good cooperative flame retardant effects. The flame retardancy of the modified epoxy is improved with greater heat release suppression combustion of the resin. A mode of flame retardant action has been proposed based on analysis results from Py‐GC/MS for DTPA, and SEM, IR and Raman for the residual carbon from cone calorimeter and UL‐94 tests, respectively. Importantly, the tensile strength, fexural strength, and fexural modulus of the EP/DTPA[AZB] increased compared with the same properties of neat EP.

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Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flame Retardant Mechanism Of Dtpa[azb]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

Tang

Zhou

2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Advanced Flame‐Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials

2022

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Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame‐retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever‐increasing high flame‐retardant requirements such as high flame‐retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame‐retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on “all‐in‐one” intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame‐retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame‐retardant methods, including bulk‐additive, bulk‐copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame‐retardant methods. The future development of flame‐retardant methods is further discussed.

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Investigation of novel intumescent flame retardant low‐density polyethylene based on SiO₂@MAPP and double pentaerythritol

Shan

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To improve the flame‐retardant property of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites, a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) covered by silicon dioxide and 3‐(Methylacryloxyl) propyltrimethoxy silane (KH‐570) (SiO2@MAPP) and double pentaerythritol (DPER) was synthesized. Various methods were applied to structural characterization and property investigations of different samples. The results indicated that the solubility of APP decreased after coating with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and KH‐570. The flame retardancy of LDPE composites was improved with addition of IFR containing SiO2@MAPP/DPER. With 30 wt% addition of IFR containing SiO2@MAPP /DPER, the limiting oxygen index reached 26.8% and the tensile strength was 3.30 MPa. The tensile strength was 7.14% higher than that of 30 wt% IFR without SiO2@MAPP. The smoke density test showed that the flue gas emission was obviously improved. The addition of SiO2@MAPP effectively increased the residual carbon content of composites and thermal stability of the composites.

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Single component phosphamide-based intumescent flame retardant with potential reactivity towards low flammability and smoke epoxy resins

Cited by 190 publications

References 42 publications

A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

Advanced Flame‐Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials

Investigation of novel intumescent flame retardant low‐density polyethylene based on SiO₂@MAPP and double pentaerythritol

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Single component phosphamide-based intumescent flame retardant with potential reactivity towards low flammability and smoke epoxy resins

Cited by 190 publications

References 42 publications

A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

A novel nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron ionic pair compound toward fire safety and mechanical enhancement effect for epoxy resin

Advanced Flame‐Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials

Investigation of novel intumescent flame retardant low‐density polyethylene based on SiO2@MAPP and double pentaerythritol

Contact Info

Product

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About

Investigation of novel intumescent flame retardant low‐density polyethylene based on SiO₂@MAPP and double pentaerythritol