Single-mode SU-8 waveguide fabricated using ultrafast direct laser writing

Ng, Kai-Wern; Chong, W.Y.; Lim, Chin Seong; Ahmad, H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.170068

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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Section: Waveguide Materials For Fsdlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, different materials have been utilized to microfabricate optical waveguides via FsDLW, such as dielectric crystals, [56,57,67] glasses, [85,97] polymers, [63,96,98] and two-photon photoresists. [99][100][101][102] Different materials will exhibit their own performance advantages. This section mainly introduces some common materials that can be fabricated by FsDLW and their applicable scenes.…”

Section: Waveguide Materials For Fsdlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[74,75] IP-Dip and SU-8 are the most common two-photon photoresists based on two-photon absorption, which have been utilized to fabricate various devices. [99][100][101][102]143]…”

Section: Two-photon Absorption Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the end-face is parallel to the substrate, a lower insertion loss of 9.1 dB can be obtained than that of vertical end-face. Ng et al [101] fabricated the single-mode optical waveguide and a directional coupler with the coupling ratio of 50:50 with SU-8 (Figure 8k). To further demonstrate the viability of the proposed technique to fabricate complex waveguide structures, a vertically suspended waveguide with an insertion loss of 16 dB has been designed (Figure 8l).…”

Section: Su-8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the unique properties of different materials, researchers have also used these above materials to fabricate a variety of optical waveguide devices, such as fiber Bragg gratings, [35,177] beam splitters, [57,172] electrooptic modulators, [102,108] waveguide couplers, [101,149,178] and PWBs. [31,32,143] This section mainly summarizes some common optical waveguide devices fabricated by FsDLW and their unique properties.…”

Section: Waveguide Devices Fabricated By Fsdlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices

Cao

Qiu

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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As the most fundamental unit of photonic integration, optical waveguides offer the possibility of developing efficient and practical photonic chips by facilitating the on‐chip integration of devices with different functions. Femtosecond direct laser writing (FsDLW), as a burgeoning 3D microfabrication technology, can realize the rapid formation of arbitrary optical waveguides without any mask inside versatile materials, such as crystalline dielectric crystals, glasses, polymers, and photoresists. This significant material‐independence allows FsDLW to combine different materials and manufacturing processes to implement a cross‐platform solution. This review first describes the different optical loss types and suitable measurement methods for different applicable scenes, then summarizes the two fabrication mechanisms and points out the general direction for adjusting the waveguide properties by fabrication processes. Finally, the application fields and development prospects of different materials are discussed by overviewing the characteristics of different materials and the material selection preferences of different devices. With a panoramic view of the development, it is concluded with insights and perspectives of the future development of optical waveguides and processing technology via FsDLW.

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Section: Waveguide Materials For Fsdlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Waveguide Materials For Fsdlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[74,75] IP-Dip and SU-8 are the most common two-photon photoresists based on two-photon absorption, which have been utilized to fabricate various devices. [99][100][101][102]143]…”

Section: Two-photon Absorption Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Su-8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Waveguide Devices Fabricated By Fsdlwmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices

Cao

Qiu

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Femtosecond Laser 3D Nano‐Printing for Functionalization of Optical Fiber Tips

Bian,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Functionalized optical fiber tips featuring miniature sizes and diverse functions have broken the limitations of traditional optical fiber with fixed shapes and single materials, significantly enriching the application scenarios in communication, sensing, imaging, and other fields. However, the unconventional shape presents challenges in manufacturing arbitrarily sophisticated 3D micro/nano structures on optical fiber tips. Femtosecond laser 3D nano‐printing (FL‐3DNp) technology injects new vitality into the functionalization of fiber tips due to its high‐precision, customizable structure, and real 3D processing abilities, as well as advantages of non‐vacuum, maskless, and plentiful materials. This paper extensively compares the key performance parameters of various micro‐nano manufacturing technologies for functionalizing optical fiber probes and focuses on the FL‐3DNp technology. In addition, the latest research progresses are systematically presented from the perspective of structure and application. Finally, the current research challenges and future development directions in this emerging field are discussed, aiming at providing scientific and industrial guidance for FL‐3DNp in functionalizing optical fibers.

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Femtosecond‐laser micromachining fork gratings in LN crystal with different mechanisms

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this work, we used femtosecond‐laser direct writing to fabricate two kinds of modified structures with opposite refractive‐index changes to build fork‐grating configurations in z‐cut LiNbO3 (LN) crystals. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the fork grating combined with the modified area of the refractive index increased and refractive index decreased produces a more effective diffraction effect at 532 nm. The diffraction results of these fork gratings have been investigated. Compared with the fork grating only with the refractive‐index‐decreased filaments, when the incident beam is at transverse magnetic, transverse electric, and circular polarizations, the diffraction efficiency is improved by 5.3%, 4.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. Our work provides a new perspective for improving the diffraction efficiency of fork gratings in LN crystals.

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Single-mode SU-8 waveguide fabricated using ultrafast direct laser writing

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices

Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices

Femtosecond Laser 3D Nano‐Printing for Functionalization of Optical Fiber Tips

Femtosecond‐laser micromachining fork gratings in LN crystal with different mechanisms

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