Single-Mode VCSEL Transmission for Short Reach Communications

Li, Mingjun; Chen, Xin; Mishra, Snigdharaj; Juarez, Adrian A.; Hurley, Jason; Stone, Jeffery S.; Wang, Chia-Hsuan; Cheng, Hao-Tien; Wu, Chun-Feng; Kuo, Hao‐Chung; Tsai, Cheng-Ting; Lin, Gong‐Ru

doi:10.1109/jlt.2020.3028972

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Typically, such links have lengths ≤ 300 m and combine multimode (MM) VCSELs with multimode fiber (MMF) to achieve low cost and power efficiency [27,28]. Single mode VCSELs and fibre (SMF) are currently also being considered for use in slightly longer reach links in the range 1 to 3 km in data centre environments [29][30][31]. On a per optical lane basis, currently deployed MM VCSEL-based links can transmit 25 Gb/s using non-return-to -zero (NRZ) or 50 Gb/s using four level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linearisation Method of DML-Based Transmitters for Optical Communications Part I: Theory and Simulation Studies

Bamiedakis

Cunningham

Penty

2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The performance of directly-modulated lasers (DMLs) is severely impaired by nonlinear behaviour when operating at high symbol rates. We propose a new linearization method for DML-based transmitters which can significantly reduce nonlinearity. This method, named the "Stretched A" (StrA) method, relies on the generation of an approximation to the ideal modulating current that generates a linear optical output waveform. In Part I of this work, the theoretical framework of the proposed method is presented and detailed simulation studies illustrate its implementation and demonstrate the benefits it offers. Although the method is applicable to any type of DML, the simulation studies presented herein focus on optical links based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) as these comprise the vast majority of short-reach optical links. Part II of this work presents the proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of this new linearization method and discusses its possible implementations using either analog or digital electronics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linearisation Method of DML-Based Transmitters for Optical Communications Part I: Theory and Simulation Studies

Bamiedakis

Cunningham

Penty

2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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show abstract

“…Learning from the four test cases, we conclude that using a launch spot roughly matching the LP01 mode field of MMF leads to high modal bandwidth regardless of fiber profile imperfections, so that this launching method works robustly for any conventional 50-µm MMFs. The launch spot size does not have to be exactly the same as the MFD of the MMF LP01 mode, the benefit stays with a tolerance of around 2 µm [2]. The offset also has a tolerance around 2 m without affecting the bandwidth.…”

Section: Launch Conditions and Fiber Bandwidthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One promising solution for reducing the CD effects is to replace the MM VCSELs with single-mode (SM) VCSELs with much narrower linewidths of around 0.1 nm. Significant progress has been made in developing SM VCSELs for transmission over MMFs modulated at 25 Gb/s, 100 Gb/s and beyond [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…follows the conventionally defined EMB for different grades of MMF with transmission reaches that can be modelled [2]. However, due to the small spot size of an SM VCSEL, light can be launched into an MMF with limited number of modes, which is outside the encircled flux launch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The question that can be raised here is if RL can deliver enhanced performance for all MMFs or just for selected high-quality MMFs. A systematic study is lacking to understand how the launch conditions and fiber index profile features such as CLD can affect the performance of an SM VCSEL over MMF transmission system although mode matching concept has been explored through modeling [2]. In this paper, we present a detailed experimental and modelling study to understand the factors affecting the modal bandwidth and therefore the transmission capability under RL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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