2012
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0094
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism and Copy Number Variation of the Multidrug Resistance-1 Locus of Plasmodium vivax: Local and Global Patterns

Abstract: Abstract. Emerging resistance to chloroquine (CQ) poses a major challenge for Plasmodium vivax malaria control, and nucleotide substitutions and copy number variation in the P. vivax multidrug resistance 1 ( pvmdr-1) locus, which encodes a digestive vacuole membrane transporter, may modulate this phenotype. We describe patterns of genetic variation in pvmdr-1 alleles from Acre and Amazonas in northwestern Brazil, and compare then with those reported in other malaria-endemic regions. The pvmdr-1 mutation Y976F,… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…These results concur with a previous study which used real-time PCR to quantify pvmdr1 CN, identifying CN amplifications in just 2% (1/49) of isolates from Myanmar in 2008 [13]. The survey by Imwong and colleagues found the same genetic background in pvmdr1 CN amplifications from Myanmar, Laos and Thailand, suggesting a common origin, most likely from Thailand, where MQ pressure has historically been greatest and pmvdr1 CN accordingly most prevalent [13, 43]. The pvmdr1 CN amplifications observed in this study most likely also originated from Thailand, but remained at low frequency owing to low levels of MQ pressure on the P. vivax population.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…These results concur with a previous study which used real-time PCR to quantify pvmdr1 CN, identifying CN amplifications in just 2% (1/49) of isolates from Myanmar in 2008 [13]. The survey by Imwong and colleagues found the same genetic background in pvmdr1 CN amplifications from Myanmar, Laos and Thailand, suggesting a common origin, most likely from Thailand, where MQ pressure has historically been greatest and pmvdr1 CN accordingly most prevalent [13, 43]. The pvmdr1 CN amplifications observed in this study most likely also originated from Thailand, but remained at low frequency owing to low levels of MQ pressure on the P. vivax population.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…Therefore, these parasites could potentially be resistant to chloroquine; however, an association with clinical drug response or in vitro susceptibility have not been investigated. This value is similar to the 1.8% prevalence reported in Brazil [41]. …”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Brazil: From 2008 to 2011, patients presenting with malaria symptoms at clinics in Acrelândia and Plácido de Castro [17] were screened by microscopy. Patients with Plasmodium infection provided 15-ml venous blood samples that were further examined for malaria parasites by a quantitative real-time PCR specific for the 18S rRNA gene.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%