Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Dental Fluorosis: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Genetic factors contribute to susceptibility and resistance to fluoride exposure. The aim of this systematic review was to identify alleles/genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with dental fluorosis (DF) and to identify them as protective or risk factors. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for articles; the last search was performed in August 2022. Human studies that analyzed the relationship between SNPs and DF published in English were included; systematic reviews and meta-analyses were excluded. Methodological quality was graded using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Eighteen articles were included, 44% of which showed high methodological quality and data from 5,625 participants aged 6 to 75 years were analyzed. The SNPs COL1A2, ESR2, DLX1, DLX2, AMBN, TUFT1, TFIP11, miRNA17, and SOD2 were considered risk factors, and ESR1, MMP20, and ENAM were considered protective factors. In conclusion, there are alleles and genotypes of different single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in increasing or decreasing the risk of developing dental fluorosis.

A Docking and Network Pharmacology Study on the Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin in Dental Caries and Streptococcus mutans

“…Enrichment of metabolic pathways showed that curcumin is related to immune processes in caries, including the TNF signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE axis. This cytokine has been reported to be increased in subjects with caries, and a polymorphism in this gene has also been associated with caries [ 29 , 30 ]. Similarly, RAGE mRNA levels have increased in the inflamed pulp of carious teeth [ 31 ].…”