Single-Photon Emission Computerised Tomography (Spect) in Schizophrenia

Hawton, Keith; Shepstone, B. J.; Soper, Nigel; Reznek, Lawrie

doi:10.1192/bjp.156.3.425

Cited by 61 publications

(9 citation statements)

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supporting

confidence: 57%

“…The results obtained from these SPECT studies closely parallel those obtained from positron emission tomography (Holman, 1986;Hunter et al, 1989). In the realm of neuropsychiatric disorders, relatively little attention has been devoted to SPECT studies of affective illness and schizophrenia (Hawton et al, 1990;O'Connell et al, 1989).Major depressive illness is one of the most common mental health problems in the elderly. It affects about 2-3% of individuals above the age of 60 (Alexopoulos, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Subjects who received ECT and nortriptyline showed increases of similar magnitude in the cerebrudcerebellar ratios, with clinical improvement. There are single case reports that describe SPECT-determined physiologic changes following treatment in obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia (Hawton et al, 1990;Hamlin et al, 1989). Our report is the first to describe consistent changes in cerebralicerebellar functional activity in LOD with successful treatment of depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semiquantitative I‐123 IMP spect studies in late onset depression before and after treatment

Kumar

Mozley

Dunham

et al. 1991

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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SUMMARYNine subjects with late onset unipolar depression were studied, before and after treatment, using 1-123 iodoamphetamine SPECT. In ail nine subjects clinical improvement was associated with a significant increase ( P~0 . 0 1 ) in cerebrallcerebellar activity ratios that correlated well with the decline in Hamilton depression scores.KEY woms-Depression, Elderly people, SPECT.Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a well-established and widely used in vivo method of studying neuronal function (Holman, 1986). SPECT, with flow tracers such as NIsopropyl Iodine-123-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and Technetium-99 hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (Tc-99 HMPAO), has been used extensively to evaluate neuropsychiatric disorders (Holman, 1986). The results obtained from these SPECT studies closely parallel those obtained from positron emission tomography (Holman, 1986;Hunter et al., 1989). In the realm of neuropsychiatric disorders, relatively little attention has been devoted to SPECT studies of affective illness and schizophrenia (Hawton et al., 1990;O'Connell et al., 1989).Major depressive illness is one of the most common mental health problems in the elderly. It affects about 2-3% of individuals above the age of 60 (Alexopoulos, 1988). In about 3 M O % of these cases the depressive illness occurs de novo after the age of 60 (Alexopoulos, 1988). This disorder, commonly referred to as late onset depression (LOD), has certain unique clinical and pharmacologic features that suggest that it may represent a distinct clinical entity. Subjects with LOD have been shown to be more delusional, cognitively impaired, somatically preoccupied and more prone to relapses than subjects with an earlier onset of major depression (Alexopoulos, 1988).There have been no reports of physiologic studies in subjects with LOD either before or after successful treatment of depression. As part of a pilot study to examine the effects of successful somatic treatment of depression on neuronal function, we studied nine subjects with LOD before and after treatment of the depressive episode using SPECT with 1-123 IMP. METHODOur sample comprised nine subjects (five women and four men) mean age 72 f 3 who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder-unipolar (Hamilton rating scale score for depression, mean f SD = 23 f 3) (HRSD). One subject was diagnosed as having major depression with moodcongruent psychotic features at the time of the initial scan. All subjects had their first episode of major depression after age 60 and were free of antidepressants for at least 72 hours prior to the scan. The subjects were inpatients on the psychiatry service at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania at the time of the study and were referred to this tertiary medical center for evaluationkreat-

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supporting

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semiquantitative I‐123 IMP spect studies in late onset depression before and after treatment

Kumar

Mozley

Dunham

et al. 1991

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…As regards the stability of the brain scans Spence (42) demonstrated that hypofrontality is dynamic over time and accompanies improvement in positive symptomatology. Nonetheless, it seems that negative symptoms are more stable and persistent, and related to cognitive dependent hypofrontality (43, 44). We tried to reduce the effect of these confounding variables by using score activation which allowed us to define a sort of hypofrontality which is found in young, unmedicated and neuroleptic‐naive samples and remains invariable (16, 45, 46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could the hypofrontality pattern in schizophrenia be modified through neuropsychological rehabilitation?

Penadés¹,

Boget²,

Lomeña³

et al. 2002

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…But since this functional hypo-frontality can be influenced by various clinical factors such as psychological conditions (18, 19) and antipsychotic treatment (20, 21), its clinical significance in the diagnosis of schizophrenia has not been well established. In addition, since most of the previous studies did not have control over the task performance, a question was raised that whether the results of these studies reflect only the reduced motivation in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Hemodynamic Responses to High Frequency Yoga Breathing in Schizophrenia: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

et al. 2014

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Frontal hemodynamic responses to high frequency yoga breathing technique, Kapalabhati (KB), were compared between patients of schizophrenia (n = 18; 14 males, 4 females) and age, gender, and education matched healthy subjects (n = 18; 14 males, 4 females) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The diagnosis was confirmed by a psychiatrist using DSM-IV. All patients except one received atypical antipsychotics (one was on typical). They had obtained a stabilized state as evidenced by a steady unchanged medication from their psychiatrist for the past 3 months or longer. They learned KB, among other yoga procedures, in a yoga retreat. KB was practiced at the rate of 120 times/min for 1 min. Healthy subjects who were freshly learning yoga too were taught KB. Both the groups had no previous exposure to KB practice and the training was carried out over 2 weeks. A chest pressure transducer was used to monitor the frequency and intensity of the practice objectively. The frontal hemodynamic response in terms of the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb), and total hemoglobin (totalHb) or blood volume concentration was tapped for 5 min before, 1 min during, and for 5 min after KB. This was obtained in a quiet room using a 16-channel functional near-infrared system (FNIR100-ACK-W, BIOPAC Systems, Inc., USA). The average of the eight channels for each side (right and left frontals) was obtained for the three sessions. The changes in the levels of oxyHb, deoxyHb, and blood volume for the three sessions were compared between the two groups using independent samples t-test. Within group comparison showed that the increase in bilateral oxyHb and totalHb from the baseline was highly significant in healthy controls during KB (right oxyHb, p = 0.00; left oxyHb, p = 0.00 and right totalHb, p = 0.01; left totalHb, p = 0.00), whereas schizophrenia patients did not show any significant changes in the same on both the sides. On the other hand, schizophrenia patients showed significant reduction in deoxyHb in the right pre-frontal cortex (right deoxyHb, p = 0.00). Comparison between the groups showed that schizophrenia patients have reduced bilateral pre-frontal activation (right oxyHb, p = 0.01; left oxyHb, p = 0.03 and right total Hb, p = 0.03; left total Hb, p = 0.04) during KB as compared to healthy controls. This hypo-frontality of schizophrenia patients in response to KB may be used clinically to support the diagnosis of schizophrenia in future.

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Single-Photon Emission Computerised Tomography (Spect) in Schizophrenia

Cited by 61 publications

References 9 publications

Semiquantitative I‐123 IMP spect studies in late onset depression before and after treatment

Semiquantitative I‐123 IMP spect studies in late onset depression before and after treatment

Could the hypofrontality pattern in schizophrenia be modified through neuropsychological rehabilitation?

Frontal Hemodynamic Responses to High Frequency Yoga Breathing in Schizophrenia: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

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